Table 1.

Examples of biological agents and conditions used for AgNPs/AuNPs synthesis.

NPs Type	Plants
AgNPs	Species	Biological material, conditions	Salt concentration (AgNO3)	Mixing conditions	Reference
	Adenia trilobata	leaves, 5 g % (70 °C for 25 min)	1–5 mM	60 °C, 30 min and kept at room temperature for 1 h	[95]
	Buchanania lanzan	leaves, 5 g % (boiled for 5 min)	0.5 mM	70 °C, 1 h	[96]
	Cannabis sativa	leaves, 1 g % (60 °C)	3 mM	37 °C, 24 h	[97]
	Embelia ribes	fruits, extraction of embelin	1 mM	30 min in the dark and incubation for 24 h	[98]
	Lythrum salicaria	aerial part, 10 g % (40 °C)	3 mM	60 °C, pH = 8, 180 min	[99]
	Moringa oleifera	leaves, 10 g % (100 °C for 20–30 min)	1 mM	60–80 °C, 60 min	[100]
	Picea abies, Pinus nigra	bark, 10 g % (60 °C)	1 mM	room temperature, 60 min	[101]
	Sanvitalia procumbens	plant, 10 g % (70 °C)	0.01 M	70 °C, pH = 8, 8 h	[102]
	Tagetes erecta	flowers, 10 g %	3 mM	40 °C, pH = 8, 75 min	[103]
	Theobroma cacao	cocoa pods and leaves, 15 g % (boiled for 10 min)	1 mM	room temperature, 4–24 h	[104]
	Microorganisms
	Bacillus cereus	37 °C, 24 h, 120 rpm	1 mM	48.5 °C, pH = 9, 69 h	[105]
	Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. megaterium, B. pumilus, B. circulans	isolates grown aerobically, 37 °C, 24 h	1 mM	30 °C, 24 h	[106]
	Klebsiella pneumonia	37 °C, 24 h	4 mM	37 °C, pH = 10, 24 h	[107]
	Lactobacillus bulgaricus	isolated colonies from raw milk, 37 °C	1 mM	room temperature	[108]
	Aspergillus terreus	strain isolated from soil, 25 °C, 5 days, 200 rpm	1 mM	25 °C, 200 rpm	[109]
	Penicillium verrucosum	strain isolated from vegetable-cultivated greenhouse soil, 25 °C, 7 days, 150 rpm	10 mM	25 °C, in the dark	[110]
	Algae
	Chlorella vulgaris	algal suspension	10 mM	25 °C, 48 h	[111]
	Dunaliella salina	culture grown for 2 weeks, 12 h in light and 12 h in dark	1 mM	in the dark, 48 h	[112]
	Ulva rigida (green alga) Cystoseira myrica (brown alga) Gracilaria foliifera (red alga)	ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from dried algal powder, room temperature, 24 h	1 mM	70 °C, 15 min	[113]
AuNPs	Species	Biological material, conditions	Salt concentration (HAuCl4)	Mixing conditions	Reference
	Plants
	Allium ampeloprasum	leaves, 10 g % (boiled)	1 mM	room temperature, 30 min	[114]
	Annona muricata	leaves, ~ 13 g % (20 g–150 mL) (boiled 20 min)	1 mM	room temperature, 22 h	[115]
	Citrus maxima	peel, 1 g % (boiled for 10 min)	100 mM	room temperature, 1 h	[116]
	Dillenia indica	leaves, 1 g % (100 °C for 30 min)	1 mM	dark, 30 min	[117]
	Dracocephalum kotschyi	leaves, ~ 7 g % (5 g–75 mL) boiled	1 mM	10 min	[118]
	Lonicera japonica	flowers, 10 g % (boiled 20 min)	1 mM	70 °C, 30 min	[119]
	Mentha and Pelargonium	plant (boiled 20 min)	-	boiling	[120]
	Pergularia daemia	leaves, 10 g % (boiling at 60 °C for 30 min)	1 mM	15 min	[121]
	Platycodon grandiflorum	leaves, 10 g % (boiled for 20 min)	1 mM	50 °C, 15 min	[122]
	Tecoma capensis	leaves, 5 g % (heated till boiling ~20 min)	0.011 M	heating, 10 min	[123]
	Microorganisms
	Bacillus cereus Fusarium oxysporum	bacterial culture incubated at 37 °C, 150 rpm, 24 h fungal culture incubated at 30 °C, 150 rpm, 72 h	1 mM	37 °C, 200 rpm, 24 h	[124]
	Pseudomonas	culture, 24 h	1 mM	80–85 °C, 30 min	[125]
	Candida albicans	cytosolic extract	1 mM	24 h	[126]
	Algae
	Chlorella sorokiniana	aqueous extract, 80 °C, 20 min	1 mM	80 °C, pH = 8, 60 min	[127]
	Galaxaura elongata	powder form and ethanolic extract	1 mM	room temperature, 120 rpm, 12 h	[128]
	Oscillatoria sp. Spirulina platensis	microalgal cultures	5 mM	room temperature, 24 h	[129]