Table 4. Descriptive scores of outcomes at baseline and follow-up: participants randomised as intended (n = 35) and all participants (n = 52).
|
Randomised as intended (n = 35) –
Participants reporting physical and/or sexual IPV, with or without psychological or emotional IPV |
Full sample (n = 52) – including 17 participants reporting psychological/emotional IPV only, who were misclassified as not reporting IPV and so not randomised to PST-IPV | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical score (possible score range) | PST-IPV (Baseline (BL) n = 25, Outcome (OA) n = 19) |
Standard PST (BL n = 5, OA n = 4) |
EUC (BL n = 5, OA n = 4) |
PST-IPV (BL n = 25, OA n = 19) |
Standard PST (BL n = 12, OA n = 8) |
EUC (BL n = 15, OA n = 12) |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||
| Median total PHQ-9 score (IQR; 0–24) | ||||||
| Baseline | 8 (7–11) | 7 (7–10) | 11 (9–11) | 8 (7–11) | 9.5 (7–10) | 9 (6–11) |
| Outcome Assessment | 6 (3–9) | 7 (4–8) | 5.5 (0–16) | 6 (3–9) | 6 (3.5–8) | 4 (0.5–9.5) |
| Recovery | ||||||
| ≥50% reduction in total PHQ-9 (n, %) | ||||||
| Yes | 6 (32) | 1 (25) | 2 (50) | 6 (32) | 3 (37.5) | 6 (50) |
| No | 13 (68) | 3 (75) | 2 (50) | 13 (68) | 5 (62.5) | 6 (50) |
| Suicidality | ||||||
| Endorsing PHQ-9 Question 9 (n, %) | ||||||
| Baseline | 6 (24) | 2 (40) | 4 (80) | 6 (24) | 4 (33.3) | 7 (46.7) |
| Outcome Assessment | 3 (16) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | 3 (16) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (8.3) |
| Median MINI suicidality score (IQR) if endorsing PHQ-9 Question 9 (0-58) | ||||||
| Baseline | 9 (1–10), n = 6 | 3 (3–3), n = 2 | 5.5 (2.5–8), n = 4 | 9 (1–10), n = 6 | 3 (2–4.5), n = 4 | 2 (1–8), n = 7 |
| Outcome Assessment | 1 (0–11), n = 3 | N/A, n = 0 | 15 (15–15), n = 1 | 1 (0–11), n = 3 | 2 (2–2), n = 1 | 11 (7–15), n = 2 |
| Anxiety symptoms | ||||||
| Median total GAD-7 score (IQR; 7–28) | ||||||
| Baseline | 11 (8–12) | 10 (8–10) | 13 (13–14) | 11 (8–12) | 9 (7.5–11.5) | 8 (7–12) |
| Outcome Assessment | 9 (7–12) | 8.5 (7.5–11) | 8.5 (7–16.5) | 9 (7–12) | 9.5 (7.5–11.5) | 8 (7–11.5) |
| Post-traumatic stress symptoms | ||||||
| Median total PCL-5 score (IQR; 0–80) | ||||||
| Baseline | 9 (4–13) | 5 (5–6) | 9 (4–16) | 9 (4–13) | 7.5 (4.5–12) | 4 (2–8) |
| Outcome Assessment | 4 (1–8) | 4 (2–5.5) | 9 (0–34.5) | 4 (1–8) | 4 (0–6) | 4.5 (0–13) |
| Functional impact | ||||||
| Median PHQ-9 Question 10 score (IQR; 0–3) | ||||||
| Baseline | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2), n = 24 | 1.5 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) |
| Outcome Assessment | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0.5–1.5) | 2 (2–2) | 1 (0–1) | 1 (0.5–1.5) | 1 (1–2), n = 9 |
| Median total WHODAS 2.0 score (IQR; 14–70) | ||||||
| Baseline | 17 (11–25) | 8 (6–11) | 31 (8–36) | 17 (11–25) | 21 (10–25) | 17 (8–28) |
| Outcome Assessment | 17 (3–25) | 22 (22–24) | 19 (6–42) | 17 (3–25) | 22 (13–24) | 14 (4–28) |
| Median days’ difficulties in past 30 (0–30) | ||||||
| Baseline | 15 (4–30) | 6 (5–7) | 7 (4–10) | 15 (4–30) | 8.5 (6.5–16) | 7 (4–15) |
| Outcome Assessment | 4 (0–15) | 13.5 (9.5–15) | 5 (1.5–18.5) | 4 (0–15) | 9.5 (3.5–15) | 12.5 (1.5–30) |
| Past-year IPV | ||||||
| Median total NGL question score (IQR; 0–16) | ||||||
| Baseline | 5 (4–8) | 4 (4–4) | 5 (3–8) | 5 (4–8) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) |
| Outcome Assessment | 1 (0–8) | 1 (0–5) | 5 (1.5–9) | 1 (0–8) | 1.5 (0–5) | 1 (0–5.5) |
| Median total WHO question score (IQR; 0–49) | ||||||
| Baseline | 9.5 (5–11) | 6 (4–9) | 10 (9–10) | 9.5 (5–11) | 2.5 (1–6) | 3 (1–7) |
| Outcome Assessment | 3 (2–9) | 3 (1.5–4.5) | 2.5 (1–12) | 3 (2–9) | 2.5 (1.5–4.5) | 2.5 (0.5–3.5) |
| Attitudes towards gender roles | ||||||
| Median WHO question score (IQR; 16–32 (lower scores indicate less progressive views) | ||||||
| Baseline | 27 (24–30) | 25 (23–25) | 26 (26–30) | 27 (24–30) | 25 (22–27) | 26 (24–30) |
| Outcome Assessment | 27.5 (26–29) | 27 (25–28) | 28 (26–29) | 27.5 (26–29) | 27 (24–28) | 31 (28–34) |
| Self-efficacy | ||||||
| Median total adapted scale score (IQR; 0–20) | ||||||
| Baseline | 15 (10–18) | 15 (15–18) | 5 (0–10) | 15 (10–18) | 15 (10–15) | 15 (10–15) |
| Outcome Assessment | 15 (5–17) | 15 (10–17) | 15 (15–18) | 15 (5–17) | 15 (10–19) | 16 (15–20) |
| Mastery | ||||||
| Median total adapted scale score (IQR; 0–45) | ||||||
| Baseline | 33 (30–34) | 30 (25-32) | 35 (24–36) | 33 (30-34) | 31 (29–37) | 34 (26-36) |
| Outcome Assessment | 31 (30–36) | 32 (28–38) | 32 (23.5–41) | 31 (30–36) | 33 (27.5–37.5) | 31.5 (28–36) |
| Perceived social support | ||||||
| Median total OSSS-3 score (IQR; 3–14) | ||||||
| Baseline | 10 (9–11) | 11 (11–12) | 12 (10–12) | 10 (9–11) | 12 (11–12) | 11 (10–12) |
| Outcome Assessment | 10 (8–12) | 8.5 (8–11) | 12 (9–13) | 10 (8–12) | 8.5 (8–12.5) | 11 (8–12) |
| Obstetric complications (n, %) | (n = 9) | (n = 4) | (n = 2) | (n = 9) | (n = 8) | (n = 12) |
| Obstructed or prolonged labour | 1 (25) | 1 (12.5) | 1 (8.3) | |||
| None documented | 9 (100) | 3 (75) | 2 (100) | 9 (100) | 7 (87.5) | 11 (91.7) |
| Neonatal outcomes (n, %) | (n = 9) | (n = 4) | (n = 2) | (n = 9) | (n = 8) | (n = 12) |
| Live birth without complications | 8 (89) | 3 (75) | 1 (50) | 8 (89) | 6 (75) | 9 (75) |
| None documented | 1 (11) | 1 (25) | 1 (50) | 1 (11) | 2 (25) | 3 (25) |
BL: Baseline score, GAD-7: Generalised anxiety disorder questionnaire, IPV: Intimate partner violence, MINI: Mini neuropsychiatric inventory, NGL: Non-graphic language questions, OA: Outcome assessment score, OSSS-3: Oslo social support scale, N/A: Not applicable, PCL-5: PTSD symptom checklist for DSM-5, PHQ: Patient health questionnaire, PST: Problem-solving therapy, PST-IPV: PST for women experiencing IPV, WHO: World health organization, WHODAS: WHO disability assessment schedule.