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. 2023 Oct 15;23(20):8482. doi: 10.3390/s23208482

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Conceptual diagram of an EEG neurofeedback system. Electrodes placed on the scalp capture neural activity, which is amplified and filtered. These analog signals are converted to digital by an analog-to-digital converter, processed by a microcontroller, and then relayed back to a smartphone for real-time feedback. The design illustrates the closed-loop nature of contemporary EEG feedback systems.