Table 2.
Procedure-related variables, early outcomes according to VARC-3 definitions and echocardiographic findings at discharge.
| Procedure-related variables | Overall (n=118) |
Mitral valve regurgitation after VIV-TAVI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before PSM | After PSM | ||||||
| None/mild MR (n=84) |
Moderate MR (n=30) |
P-value** | None/mild MR (n=23) |
Moderate MR (n=23) |
P-value | ||
| Operative time, min | 51±22 | 51±24 | 50±18 | 0.794 | 57±29 | 50±16 | 0.278 |
| Contrast load, cc | 183±83 | 186±87 | 175±68 | 0.537 | 206±64 | 171±64 | 0.077 |
| Fluoroscopy time, min | 14±13 | 15±14 | 13±6 | 0.492 | 15±10 | 12±6 | 0.298 |
| Local anesthesia | 106 (93.0%) | 79 (94.0%) | 27 (90%) | 0.456 | 20 (87.0%) | 22 (95.7%) | 0.295 |
| VARC-3 variables* | Clinical events according to VARC-3 definitions | ||||||
| ICU stay, days | 1 (1-1) | 1 (1-1) | 1 (1-1) | 0.151 | 1 (1-1) | 1 (1-1) | 1.000 |
| Hospital stay, days | 6 (5-7.25) | 6 (5-7) | 6 (5-8) | 0.406 | 6 (5-7) | 6 (5.5-7.5) | 0.887 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.548 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Cardiac tamponade | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.548 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| TIA | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (1.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0.548 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Stroke | 5 (4.4%) | 5 (6.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.172 | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.312 |
| AKI | 4 (3.5%) | 2 (2.4%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.273 | 1 (4.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0.312 |
| Permanent pacemaker implantation | 4 (3.5%) | 2 (2.4%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.274 | 0(0%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0.148 |
| New-onset atrial fibrillation | 2 (1.8%) | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0.443 | 1 (4.3%) | 1 (4.3%) | 1.000 |
| Death occurring > 30 days but < 1 year after the index hospitalization | 11 (9.3%) | 3 (3.6%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.055 | 0 (0%) | 3 (13.0%) | 0.073 |
| Echocardiographic variables | Echocardiographic parameters at discharge*** | ||||||
| Paravalvular regurgitation | |||||||
| Mild | 39 (34.2%) | 27 (32.1%) | 12 (40.0%) | 0.436 | 11 (47.8%) | 9 (39.1%) | 0.552 |
| Moderate | 5 (4.4%) | 3 (3.6%) | 2 (6.7%) | 0.477 | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (4.3%) | 0.550 |
| Severe | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 |
| AV mean gradient, mmHg | 15.1±8.4 | 15.7±8.1 | 13.4±8.9 | 0.199 | 13.5±6.5 | 14.4±9.8 | 0.710 |
| AV peak gradient, mmHg | 26.8±13.4 | 27.8±13.7 | 24.0±12.3 | 0.186 | 24.5±10.6 | 25.8±13.0 | 0.711 |
| TR ≥ 2o | 22 (19.3%) | 16 (19.0%) | 6 (20.0%) | 0.910 | 3 (13.0%) | 6 (26.1%) | 0.265 |
| LVEF, % | 52.0±9.8 | 52.9±9.6 | 49.4±10.2 | 0.091 | 47.3±10.2 | 49.6±9.7 | 0.445 |
| TAPSE, mm | 17.5±4.9 | 17.4±5.5 | 17.7±3.4 | 0.805 | 16.2±4.3 | 17.3±3.3 | 0.448 |
Continuous variables are presented as the means ± standard deviation or the medians with interquartile range whereas categorical data as the numbers (n) with percentages (%)
P-value < 0.05 considered as of statistical significance
The echocardiographic variables were summarized only if the echocardiographic data of those patients were available after procedure (n=245, 97.2%), seven patients (2.8%) died before their scheduled postoperative echocardiographic examination
AKI=acute kidney injury; AV=aortic valve; ICU=intensive care unit; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; MR=mitral regurgitation; PSM=propensity score matching; TAPSE=tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TIA=transient ischemic attack; TR=tricuspid regurgitation; VARC-3=Valve Academic Research Consortium-3; VIV-TAVI=valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation