Table 2.
Vaccines recommended in heart transplant (HT) candidates and recipients.
| Pre-Transplant | Post-Transplant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timing | Schedule | Timing | Schedule | |
| Influenza | Each winter | Single dose | 3–6 months after HT | Single dose |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | PCV e PPV prior HT | 1–8 weeks | 3–6 months after HT | 1–8 weeks |
| HBV | Two doses, 1 month prior HT | 0–1–6 months | 3–6 months after HT | Last doses also after HT |
| HAV | One dose prior HT | 0–6 months | 3–6 months after HT | Second dose also after HT |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Two doses, 1 month prior HT | 0–1 month | 3–6 months after HT | Three doses also after HT |
| HZV | Completed 1 month prior HT | Two doses 0–2 months | 3–6 months after HT | Two doses 0–2 months |
| HPV § | - | 0–2–6 months | 3–6 months after HT | Last dose also after HT |
| Tdap/Td, Haemophilus influenzae type B | At least 2 weeks prior HT | As general population | 3–6 months after HT | As general population |
| Rabies | At least 2 weeks prior HT | As general population | 3–6 months after HT | 0, 7, 21 days |
| Tetanus | 1 month prior HT | If never vaccinated 0–2–6/12 months, otherwise 1 booster dose | 3–6 months after HT | - |
HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBV, hepatitis B; HPV, human papilloma virus; HZV, herpes zoster virus; MMR, measles mumps and rubella; TDap, tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, acellular pertussis; Td, tetanus diphtheria; BCG, bacille Calmette–Guerin. § <50 years, MMR in non-immune pre-HT patients but not recommended in post-HT patients. Yellow fever, Polio, type B rotavirus, BCG and cholera are not recommended in HT candidates and recipients.