Table 1.
Currently approved commercial mucosal vaccines.
| Vaccine | Composition | Pathogen Targeted | Mucosal Route | Approval Year | Approving Authority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (bOPV) | Serotypes 1 and 3 attenuated by serial culture | Poliovirus | Oral drops | 1961 | FDA |
| Dukoral | Heat and formaldehyde inactivated O1 (Ogawa and Inaba) with recombinant B subunit of cholera toxin | Vibrio cholerae | Oral drink | 2003 | Canada |
| Shanchol | Bivalent heat and formaldehyde inactivated O1 (Ogawa and Inaba) and O139 serotypes | Oral drops | 2013 | WHO | |
| Vaxchora | Live O1 Inaba serogroup attenuated by deleting the catalytic domain of the ctxA gene | Oral drink | 2015 | FDA | |
| Vivotif | Live Ty21a strain attenuated by mutations in LPS and Vi polysaccharide synthesis genes | Salmonella typhi | Oral capsule | 2013 | FDA |
| Rotateq | Live pentavalent reassortant rotaviruses, containing G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A strains | Rotavirus | Oral drops | 2006 | FDA |
| Rotarix | Live monovalent passage attenuated G1 rotavirus strain with P1A expression | Oral Drops | 2008 | FDA | |
| Adenovirus vaccine (types 4 and 7) | Live Adenovirus type 4 and type 7 strains | Acute Ad4 and Ad7 respiratory disease | Oral-2 tablets | 2011 | FDA |
| FluMist | Quadrivalent live attenuated (cold-adapted) flu A and B strains | Seasonal Influenza | Nasal-Spray | 2003 | FDA |
| iNCOVACC | ChAd36 adenoviral vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (Wuhan) | SARS-CoV-2 | Intranasal drops | 2022 | Central Drugs Standard Control Organization—India |
| Convidecia Air | Ad5 adenoviral vector expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (Wuhan) | Inhaled aerosol | 2022 | National Medical Products Administration of China |