Table 3.

Approaches to optimize care and improve adherence in ALHIV.

Approach	Description
Comprehensive Support	Provide comprehensive support services tailored to the unique needs of adolescents living with HIV. Create a dedicated youth HIV clinic.
Adherence Counseling	Offer individualized counseling sessions to address adherence challenges and provide strategies for medication adherence.
Peer Support	Create support groups or peer networks for adolescents to connect, share experiences, and provide mutual encouragement.
Youth-Friendly Services	Design healthcare facilities and services that are teen-friendly, non-judgmental, and accessible for adolescents, with youth-friendly hours (e.g., evening hours).
Mental Health Support	Offer mental health services to address psychological and emotional well-being, including counseling and therapy.
Medication Reminders	Implement strategies such as mobile apps, SMS alerts, or pillboxes to help adolescents remember to take medications.
Treatment Simplification	Novel cART delivery strategies (e.g., long-acting oral or injectable cART), once daily/fixed-dose combinations, regimens to minimize side effects
Family Involvement	Involve families/caregivers in the treatment process, providing education and support to ensure adherence at home.
Adherence Tools and Resources	Provide educational materials, visual aids, and accessible resources to empower adolescents in managing their own care.
Care Transition Planning	Support a smooth transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services, ensuring continuity of care during the transition.
Continuous Education	Offer ongoing education and information on HIV, treatment advancements, and sexual health to empower informed decision-making.
Sexual and Reproductive Health Education	Provide comprehensive sexuality education, including information on safe sex, contraception, preventing transmission and U=U education.