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. 2023 Oct 10;15(10):608. doi: 10.3390/toxins15100608

Table 4.

Results of different models.

Model R2 MAE RMSE
XGBoost 0.92 0.2 0.4
LightGBM 0.93 0.1 0.4
CatBoost 0.89 0.2 0.5
Bagging ensemble 0.92 0.2 0.4
Stacking ensemble 0.93 0.1 0.4
Attention-based CNN-LSTM 0.92 0.2 0.4
Final Ensemble 0.93 0.1 0.4