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. 2023 Sep 21;42(44):3252–3259. doi: 10.1038/s41388-023-02835-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A Graphs showing changes in immune cell populations in Patient 1 with colon cancer (Top Panel - Patient 1): Graphs showing changes in immune cell populations in Patient 1: All B and T cell densities increase in the resection samples (red) compared to the pre-treatment biopsy (blue) while macrophage populations decreased. Proportion of Th (FOXP3+) cells that are Tregs decreased in the resection samples compared to the pre-treatment biopsy. Finally, the proportion of immune cells that are proliferating (Ki67+) is increased in the resection samples compared to the pre-treatment biopsy. B Graphs showing changes in immune cell populations in Patient 2 with rectal cancer (Lower Panel - Patient 2): All B and T cell densities increase in tumor area #1 of resection samples (yellow) compared to tumor area #2 (red) and pre-treatment biopsy (blue); macrophage populations increased in both tumor areas with treatment. Proportion of Th cells that are Treg (FOXP3+) decreased in tumor area #1 and increased in tumor area #2 of the resection samples compared to the pre-treatment biopsy. Finally, the proportion of immune cells that are proliferating is increased in tumor area #2 of the resection samples compared to the pre-treatment biopsy.