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. 2023 Oct 27;13:18412. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44862-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A highly bothered subset of patients lacks clear bladder pain or urgency/urge incontinence. (A) In a test population of 551 subjects with a variety of LUTS, the Bother Index identified those patients dissatisfied with their urinary symptoms (yellow to blue heat map). (B) A dot plot of BPCI and UICI symptomatic scores for all subjects with high bother (green gradient indicating bother is as in (A) displays the degrees of bladder pain (BP) and urgency/urge incontinence (UI), respectively. OAB patients with UI (yellow overlay) occupy the upper left quadrant, while IC/BPS patients with BP (blue overlay) are in the lower left quadrant. A substantial population negative for the symptom domains originally described for this diagnostic LUTS nomogram is seen in the left lower quadrant, dubbed the Double Negative (DN) group (purple). These data also reveal a population with both UI and BP in the upper right quadrant (green; double Positive: DP). The division previously defined between OAB and IC/BPS patients from our prior nomogram is indicated by the red dotted line.