Table 1.
Symptomatic features of the exploratory cohort by nomogram quadrant.
| Question | Scale | DN | Cont | OAB | IC/BPS | Adjusted P value for DN | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 110) | (n = 208) | (n = 99) | (n = 96) | vs. Cont | vs. OAB | vs. IC | |||
| Age | 0–95 | 48.08 (17.98) | 54.55 (18.27) | 65.82 (16.05) | 46.60 (13.24) | 0.09 | < 0.001 | 0.91 | |
| OABq1 | Frequent urination during the daytime hours | 1–6 | 3.22 (1.56) | 1.70 (1.24) | 3.56 (1.64) | 3.24 (1.29) | < 0.001 | 0.20 | > 0.999 |
| OABq2 | An uncomfortable urge to urinate | 1–6 | 3.23 (1.35) | 1.73 (1.19) | 3.84 (1.52) | 3.85 (1.41) | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| OABq3 | A sudden urge to urinate | 1–6 | 2.05 (1.29) | 1.56 (1.01) | 4.30 (1.19) | 2.51 (1.44) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 |
| OABq4 | Accidental loss of small amounts of urine | 1–6 | 1.93 (1.30) | 1.72 (1.01) | 4.26 (1.32) | 1.68 (0.90) | > 0.999 | < 0.001 | > 0.999 |
| OABq5 | Nighttime urination | 1–6 | 2.73 (1.65) | 2.04 (1.38) | 4.00 (1.67) | 3.07 (1.62) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.11 |
| OABq6 | Waking at night because you had to urinate | 1–6 | 2.92 (1.65) | 2.15 (1.46) | 4.25 (1.55) | 3.47 (1.55) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.02 |
| OABq7 | An uncontrollable urge to urinate | 1–6 | 2.94 (1.54) | 1.28 (0.78) | 4.06 (1.65) | 2.98 (1.58) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | > 0.999 |
| OABq8 | Urine loss associated with a strong desire to urinate | 1–6 | 1.49 (0.85) | 1.45 (0.91) | 4.45 (1.34) | 1.71 (1.01) | 0.58 | < 0.001 | 0.29 |
| ICSI1 | Strong need to urinate with little or no warning | 0–5 | 1.21 (1.36) | 0.64 (0.95) | 2.74 (1.66) | 2.20 (1.61) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ICSI2 | Urinate less than 2 h after you finished urinating | 0–5 | 2.63 (1.67) | 1.57 (1.45) | 3.50 (1.29) | 3.34 (1.42) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.007 |
| ICSI3 | How often typically up at night to urinate | 0–5 | 1.58 (1.29) | 1.33 (1.27) | 2.28 (1.41) | 1.95 (1.24) | 0.18 | 0.002 | 0.12 |
| ICSI4 | Experienced pain or burning in your bladder | 0–4 | 0.89 (1.53) | 0.40 (0.79) | 0.70 (1.05) | 2.55 (1.48) | < 0.001 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| ICPI1 | Frequent urination during the day | 0–4 | 1.90 (1.35) | 0.84 (1.16) | 2.78 (1.06) | 2.66 (1.19) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ICPI2 | Getting up at night to urinate | 0–4 | 1.47 (1.39) | 1.02 (1.23) | 2.56 (1.33) | 2.17 (1.30) | 0.009 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| ICPI3 | Need to urinate with little warning | 0–4 | 0.92 (1.12) | 0.58 (0.95) | 2.72 (1.14) | 1.58 (1.29) | 0.01 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ICPI4 | Burning, pain, discomfort or pressure in your bladder | 0–4 | 1.35 (1.53) | 0.48 (0.93) | 1.22 (1.41) | 3.24 (0.96) | < 0.001 | 0.69 | < 0.001 |
| fGUPI1a† | Pain/discomfort at the entrance to the vagina | 0–1 | 0.37 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.39 | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.85 |
| fGUPI1b† | Pain/discomfort in the vagina | 0–1 | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.22 | 0.42 | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.77 |
| fGUPI1c† | Pain/discomfort in the urethra | 0–1 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.53 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.10 |
| fGUPI1d† | Pain/discomfort below the waist, in pubic or bladder area | 0–1 | 0.37 | 0.08 | 0.34 | 0.86 | < 0.001 | 0.71 | < 0.001 |
| fGUPI2a† | Pain or burning during urination | 0–1 | 0.34 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 0.54 | < 0.001 | 0.15 | 0.01 |
| fGUPI2b† | Pain or discomfort during or after sexual intercourse | 0–1 | 0.60 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.52 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.51 |
| fGUPI2c† | Pain or discomfort as your bladder fills | 0–1 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 0.87 | < 0.001 |
| fGUPI2d† | Pain or discomfort relieved by voiding | 0–1 | 0.20 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.67 | 0.002 | 0.59 | < 0.001 |
| fGUPI3 | Frequency of pain or discomfort over the last week | 0–5 | 2.92 (1.24) | 0.52 (0.83) | 1.51 (1.57) | 3.45 (1.21) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.009 |
| fGUPI4 | Number that best describes average pain/discomfort | 0–10 | 3.43 (2.93) | 0.73 (1.43) | 2.66 (2.89) | 5.71 (2.13) | < 0.001 | 0.09 | < 0.001 |
| fGUPI5 | Frequency of sensation of incomplete emptying | 0–5 | 1.85 (1.80) | 0.85 (1.15) | 2.01 (1.59) | 2.52 (1.71) | < 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.02 |
| fGUPI6 | Need to urinate < 2 h after last urinating | 0–5 | 2.50 (1.61) | 1.25 (1.15) | 3.19 (1.36) | 3.35 (1.41) | < 0.001 | 0.005 | < 0.001 |
| fGUPI7 | Have your symptoms kept you from doing the kinds of things you would usually do | 0–3 | 1.27 (1.07) | 0.14 (0.35) | 1.49 (1.16) | 1.47 (1.08) | < 0.001 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| fGUPI8 | How much did you think about your symptoms | 0–3 | 2.38 (0.81) | 0.45 (0.57) | 2.34 (0.83) | 2.45 (0.71) | < 0.001 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| fGUPI9 | Satisfaction with current symptoms | 0–6 | 4.68 (1.10) | 1.36 (1.08) | 4.83 (0.98) | 4.92 (1.05) | < 0.001 | > 0.999 | 0.53 |
| POPDI-1 | Pressure in the lower abdomen | 0–4 | 1.36 (1.39) | 0.47 (0.92) | 1.11 (1.32) | 2.25 (1.23) | < 0.001 | 0.46 | < 0.001 |
| POPDI-2 | Heaviness or dullness in the lower abdomen | 0–4 | 1.28 (1.33) | 0.35 (0.79) | 0.87 (1.28) | 1.75 (1.31) | < 0.001 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| POPDI-3 | A bulge or something falling out that can see or feel in the vaginal area | 0–4 | 0.39 (1.03) | 0.12 (0.52) | 0.35 (0.86) | 0.20 (0.65) | 0.07 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| POPDI-4 | A need to push on the vagina or around the rectum to have a complete bowel movement | 0–4 | 0.53 (1.02) | 0.30 (0.85) | 0.50 (1.04) | 0.34 (0.91) | 0.05 | > 0.999 | 0.67 |
| POPDI-5 | A feeling of incomplete bladder emptying | 0–4 | 2.67 (0.97) | 0.72 (1.01) | 1.68 (1.27) | 1.81 (1.52) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| POPDI-6 | A need to push up in the vagina area to start or complete urination | 0–4 | 0.14 (0.52) | 0.14 (0.52) | 0.23 (0.68) | 0.12 (0.46) | > 0.999 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| CRADI-8–1 | A need to strain too hard to have a bowel movement | 0–4 | 1.26 (1.41) | 0.28 (0.74) | 0.91 (1.28) | 0.88 (1.16) | < 0.001 | 0.22 | 0.02 |
| CRADI-8–2 | A feeling that you have not completely emptied your bowels after a bowel movement | 0–4 | 1.02 (1.20) | 0.31 (0.76) | 0.98 (1.33) | 0.82 (1.21) | < 0.001 | > 0.999 | 0.83 |
| CRADI-8–3 | Losing stool without control when stools are well formed | 0–4 | 0.12 (0.59) | 0.04 (0.34) | 0.27 (0.81) | 0.05 (0.34) | 0.27 | 0.63 | 0.98 |
| CRADI-8–4 | Losing stool without control when stool is loose or liquid | 0–4 | 0.23 (0.73) | 0.09 (0.50) | 0.64 (1.16) | 0.24 (0.72) | 0.03 | 0.01 | > 0.999 |
| CRADI-8–5 | Losing gas from the rectum without control | 0–4 | 0.64 (1.20) | 0.29 (0.68) | 0.80 (1.18) | 0.32 (0.84) | 0.26 | > 0.999 | 0.26 |
| CRADI-8–6 | Pain with passing stools | 0–4 | 0.29 (0.79) | 0.05 (0.33) | 0.31 (0.82) | 0.22 (0.72) | 0.001 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| CRADI-8–7 | A strong sense of urgency and have to rush to the bathroom to have a bowel movement | 0–4 | 0.58 (1.10) | 0.25 (0.68) | 0.78 (1.18) | 0.37 (0.82) | 0.05 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
| CRADI-8–8 | Stool passes through the rectum and bulges outside during or after a bowel movement | 0–4 | 0.18 (0.71) | 0.08 (0.43) | 0.32 (0.88) | 0.06 (0.35) | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.79 |
| UDI-6–1 | Bothered by frequent urination | 0–4 | 1.74 (1.43) | 0.77 (1.14) | 2.78 (1.37) | 2.15 (1.30) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.12 |
| UDI-6–2 | Bothered by leakage related to feeling of urgency | 0–4 | 0.64 (1.00) | 0.89 (1.00) | 3.21 (1.00) | 1.21 (1.23) | 0.02 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| UDI-6–3 | Bothered by leakage related to physical activity, coughing, or sneezing | 0–4 | 0.74 (1.19) | 0.58 (0.99) | 1.91 (1.44) | 0.76 (1.10) | > 0.999 | < 0.001 | > 0.999 |
| UDI-6–4 | Bothered by small amounts of leakage (drops) | 0–4 | 0.65 (1.15) | 0.41 (0.85) | 2.20 (1.47) | 0.45 (0.87) | 0.36 | < 0.001 | 0.61 |
| UDI-6–5 | Bothered by difficulty emptying bladder | 0–4 | 0.95 (1.29) | 0.22 (0.62) | 0.90 (1.31) | 1.19 (1.26) | < 0.001 | > 0.999 | 0.48 |
| UDI-6–6 | Bothered by pain or discomfort in the lower abdominal or genital area | 0–4 | 1.21 (1.53) | 0.20 (0.70) | 0.78 (1.30) | 2.43 (1.21) | < 0.001 | 0.10 | < 0.001 |
Means (standard deviation) are shown for all interval variables, except for the binary variables which document the population proportions scoring positive for each individual feature. Pairwise comparison of interval variables were compared using Welch’s t test, while binary variables (designated with†) were examined using the Chi-square test. DN, Double Negative Population; Cont, Asymptomatic Controls; OAB, Overactive Bladder; IC/BPS, Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome; OABq, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire; ICSI, Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms Index; ICPI, Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index; fGUPI, Female Genitourinary pain index; UDI-6, Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form; CRADI-8, Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory; POPDI-6, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory; ns, Not significant.