Table 3.
Association of serum lead with PRISm, NHANES 2007–20121
| Exposure | Serum lead (ug/dL) |
|---|---|
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
| All individuals (n = 8324) | |
| Quartile 1 (< 0.73 ug/dL) | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 (0.73- 1.12 ug/dL) | 1.026 (0.778, 1.354) |
| Quartile 3 (1.12- 1.75 ug/dL) | 1.180 (0.894, 1.556) |
| Quartile 4 (≥ 1.75 ug/dL) | 1.105 (0.827, 1.476) |
| p-trend | 0.3833 |
| Never/former smokers (n = 6076) | |
| Quartile 1 (< 0.72 ug/L) | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 (0.72–1.10 ug/L) | 1.061 (0.772, 1.458) |
| Quartile 3 (1.10–1.68 ug/L) | 1.090 (0.786, 1.513) |
| Quartile 4 (≥ 1.68 ug/L) | 1.141 (0.814, 1.601) |
| p-trend | 0.3522 |
| Current smokers (n = 1694) | |
| Quartile 1 (< 0.97 ug/L) | 1.00 |
| Quartile 2 (0.97–1.46 ug/L) | 1.050 (0.637, 1.732) |
| Quartile 3 (1.46–2.19 ug/L) | 0.847 (0.500, 1.435) |
| Quartile 4 (≥ 2.19 ug/L) | 0.742 (0.422, 1.307) |
| p-trend | 0.0812 |
BMI, body mass index; PIR: poverty income ratio; PRISm, preserved ratio impaired spirometry; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 1 All models were adjusted: age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, PIR, health insurance, sedentary activity, history of childhood diseases (emphysema, bronchitis, or asthma), diabetes, and occupational exposure to mineral dusts, organic dusts or exhaust fumes. Subgroup analysis according to smoking status