Table 2.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| Characteristics | Remdesivir Cohort (n = 243) |
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Cohort (n = 223) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic test, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| • PCR | 218 (90) | 135 (60) | |
| • Antigen-test-based | 25 (10) | 88 (40) | |
| Asymptomatic, n (%) | 2 (1) | 6 (3) | 0.1 |
| Fever, n (%) | 127 (52) | 71 (32) | <0.001 |
| Respiratory symptoms, n (%) | 172 (71) | 107 (48) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 97 (40) | 14 (6) | <0.001 |
| COVID-19-related hospital admission, n (%) | 118 (49) | 19 (9) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen support, n (%) | 69 (28) | 5 (2) | <0.001 |
| COVID-19 severity, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| • Mild | 146 (60) | 209 (94) | |
| • Moderate | 28 (12) | 9 (4) | |
| • Severe | 69 (28) | 5 (2) | |
| Median time from dx to ATV therapy, days (range) | 1 (0–57) | 1 (0–140) | |
| • <5 days, n (%) | 190 (78) | 203 (91) | <0.001 |
| • ≥5 days, n (%) | 53 (22) | 20 (9) | <0.001 |
| Median duration of ATV therapy, days (range) | 5 (1–19) | 5 (2–15) | |
| • <5 days, n (%) | 89 (37) | 4 (2) | <0.001 |
| • 5 days, n (%) | 100 (41) | 204 (91) | <0.001 |
| • >5 days, n (%) | 54 (22) | 15 (7) | <0.001 |
| Co-infection, n (%) | 46 (19) | 9 (4) | <0.001 |
| • Bacterial | 35 (14) | 5 (2) | |
| • viral | 6 (3) | 3 (1.5) | |
| • Fungal | 5 (2) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Other COVID-19 therapies, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| • Sotrovimab | 43 (19) | 7 (3) | |
| • Tixagevimab/cilgavimab | 4 (2) | 0 | |
| ➢ Median onset after COVID-19, days (range) | 6 (0–129) | 62 (0–104) | <0.001 |
| • Convalescent plasma | 30 (12) | 6 (3) | <0.001 |
| • Corticosteroids as COVID-19 therapy | 79 (32) | 6 (3) | <0.001 |
| ➢ Median onset after COVID-19, days (range) | 2 (-5–46) | 8 (0–79) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory characteristics at the time of SARS-CoV-2 detection | |||
| (A) ANC < 0.5× 109/L, n/evaluable (%) | 18/144 (13) | 10/96 (10) | 0.2 |
| (B) ALC < 0.5× 109/L, n/evaluable (%) | 50/144 (35) | 30/96 (31) | 0.35 |
| • CRP > 8 IU/mL, n/evaluable, %) | 76/142 (53) | 50/90 (55) | 0.6 |
| • Ct value at diagnosis available, n (%) | 142 (58) | 104 (47) | 0.2 |
| • Ct value at diagnostic, median (range) | 20 (0–40) | 21 (9–40) | 0.8 |
| Recovery from COVID-19 at last F/U (n/evaluable, %) | 163/234 (70) | 170/173 (98) | <0.001 |
| • PCR monitoring (n/evaluable, %) | 128/243 (53) | 122/223 (55) | 0.3 |
| • PCR negativity at last F/U, n (%) | 132 (63) | 125 (69) | 0.45 |
| • Median time from diagnosis to negativity, days (range) | 31 (2–209) | 22 (2–237) | <0.001 |
| • Prolonged shedding, n/evaluable (%) | 80/128 (63) | 49/122 (40) | <0.001 |
| • COVID-19-related death, n (%) | 21 (9) | 3 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Median time from diagnosis to death (range) | 30 (4–111) | 24 (18–77) | 0.2 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 14 (6) | 1 (0.5) | 0.005 |
Abbreviations:, PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction; dx, diagnosis of COVID-19; ATV, antiviral drugs; ICU, intensive care unit admission; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; Ct, PCR cycle threshold; F/U, follow-up; ICU, intensive care unit.