Table 4.

Orthotopic and heterotopic models using established cell lines (ECLM)

Cell line/WHO-gr	ToA mice	Age (w)	NoC/IV	DoI (d)	TTR %(pooled animals)	IVoG	NIVoG	PuCL
Orthotopic models
IOMM-Lee/malignant	Athymic nu/nu [24, 49, 54, 66, 70, 74, 77, 80], SCID [44, 55], Nude [45, 68, 74, 78, 82, 83], Swiss nude [47, 53, 59, 61, 62, 79, 81], BALB/c [50, 58, 84], NOD(shi-SCID,IL-2Rgamma(null,c)(NOG) [60], CD1 [67], NCr-Foxn1 (nu) [85]	3 [67], 4–10 [24, 44, 45, 49, 50, 54, 55, 58–61, 66, 74, 77–79, 81–85], > 9 [47], 12–15 [62], 10–22 [53], ND [68, 70, 75, 80]	(104) [49], (5 × 104) [60, 66, 83], (105) [50, 62, 67, 78, 82], (1.5 × 105) [58], (2 × 105) [85] (2.5 × 105) [47, 53, 54, 59, 61, 79, 83, 84], (4 × 105) [45], (5 × 105) [66–68, 70, 75], (106) [24, 44, 74, 77, 81], (3 × 106) [66]/(0.5) [66, 83], (1) [66], (2) [62, 84] (2.5) [47, 53, 79, 83], (3) [50, 58, 60, 66, 67, 77], (5) [54, 59, 61, 66, 81], (3–10) [44], (10) [24, 68, 74, 78, 82] CN-ND [55, 80], IV-ND [45, 49, 55, 68, 70, 75, 80, 85]	CD (4–12) [24], (5) [60], (9) [61], (10) [59, 60], (11) [53], (14) [58, 60, 62, 67, 74, 81], (21) [78], (28) [75] SS (10) [60, 66], (11) [85], (12) [66], (13) [77], (15) [53], (17) [47, 66], (20) [66, 79], (21) [49, 84], (23) [50], (27) [45], 15–21 [83] ND [44, 54, 55, 68, 70, 80, 82]	100% (504/504) [24, 45, 50, 53, 58–62, 66–68, 70, 75, 77–79, 81, 82, 84] ND [44, 47, 49, 54, 55, 74, 80, 83, 85]	Histology [24, 44, 45, 47, 50, 53, 54, 60–62, 66–68, 70, 74, 75, 77–79, 81, 82, 84, 85] IHC [24, 44, 45, 53, 58–60, 66, 68, 70, 77, 78, 80, 84]	BLI [45, 49, 50, 66, 67, 85] MRI [44, 47, 53, 55, 59, 61, 62, 67, 79, 81, 83] FI [58, 60]	29 [24, 44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 58–62, 66–68, 70, 74, 75, 77–85] a[55]
BEN-MEN-1/benign	NSG [89, 92], SCID [55, 90, 91], CD1 [21]	6–12 [21, 55, 89–92]	(0.5–1.0 × 106) [91], (106) [21, 89, 90]/3–5 [21, 89–92] CN-ND [55]	CD (35 [90], 98 [89, 92], 107 [21], 180 [91]) ND [55]	100% (45/45) [21, 92] ND [55, 89–91]	Histology [21, 55, 90–92] IHC [21, 90–92]	BLI [89–92] MRI [55, 91]	6 [21, 55, 89–92]
CH-157/malignant	NCr-Foxn1(nu) [85], NSG [93], CD1 [67, 94], nude [43, 98]	3 [67, 94] 4–6 [43, 85, 93, 98]	(104) [67], (105) [43, 67, 94], (2 × 104) [93], (2 × 105) [85], (5 × 105) [67], (106) [67] (5 × 104–5 × 105) [98], (105–106) [98] /(3–8) [67, 93, 94, 98], IV-ND [43, 85]	CD 14 [43], 15 [93], 20 [94], 30 [98] SS 12–15 [85], 16–24 [67]	100% (66/66) [93, 94] 91% (20/22) [98] 90% (45/50) [67] 79% (15/19) [98] ND [43, 85]	Histology [43, 67, 85, 93, 94, 98] IHC [43, 67, 94]	BLI [43, 67, 85, 93, 94] MRI [98]	6 [43, 67, 85, 93, 94, 98]
KT21MG1/malignant	Swiss nude [59, 61], NMRI nu/nu [99], athymic [101], SCID [90]	5–6 [99, 101] 8–10 [59, 61, 90]	5 × 104 [101]; 2.5 × 105 [59, 61]; 5 × 105 [90]; 106 [99] /0.5 [101], 5 [59, 61, 90]; IV-ND [99]	CD 10 [99], 17 [61], 21 [59], 42 [90] SS 19 [101]	100% (50/50) [59, 61, 99] ND [90, 101]	Histology [90, 99] IHC [59, 90, 99, 101]	BLI [90] MRI [59, 61]	5 [59, 61, 90, 99, 101]
F5	NOD/SCID [107], Swiss nude [81], BALC/-nu/nu [106]	6–8 [81, 107]	(2.5 × 105) [107], (106) [81], WT [106]/(5) [81], IV-ND [107]	CD 14 [107], 29 [81] SS (29) [106]	100% (15/15) [81], 94% (15/16) [106], ND [107]	Histology [81, 106, 107] IHC [106, 107]	MRI [81, 107]	3 [81, 106, 107]
MN3	SCID [113, 114]	7–8 [113, 114]	(7.5 × 104) [113, 114]/(3) [113, 114]	SS 92 [114] ND [113]	100% (25/25) [113, 114]	Histology [113, 114] IHC [113, 114]	–	2 [113, 114]
MN8	SCID [114]	7–8 [114]	(5 × 104)(114)/(3) [114]	ND [114]	ND [114]	Histology [114] IHC [114]	–	1 [114]
HKBMM	BALB/C-nu/nu [84]	6–8 [84]	(2.5 × 105) [84]/(2) [84]	SS 27 [84]	100% (24/24) [84]	Histology [84] IHC [84]	–	1 [84]
Me10T Me3TSC	Athymic [69]	4 [69]	(106) [69]/(5) [69]	CD (112) [69]	100% (6/6) [69] Me10T 100% (6/6) [69] Me3TSC	Histology [69] IHC [69]	–	1 [69]
Heterotopic models
IOMM-Lee/malignant	Athymic nu/nu [49, 57, 71, 75, 76], BALB/c-nu [22, 46, 48, 51, 52, 56, 84], SCID [55, 63], Swiss nude [59, 61, 62, 83], nude [45, 64, 65, 86, 88], CD1 [20, 72, 73], C57BL/6 [87]	3 [20, 72, 73], 4–6 [46, 51, 52, 56, 71, 87, 88], 6 [45, 55], 6–8 [49, 64, 65, 76, 84, 86], 8 [22, 48, 58], 8–10 [59, 61, 83], 7–11 [62], ND [57, 63, 75]	(2 × 104) [46], (1.5 × 105) [58], (5 × 105) [20, 46, 72], (106) [57, 63, 71, 73, 76], (1.5 × 106) [20], (2 × 106) [45, 86, 88], (3 × 106) [59, 61, 62, 83], (4 × 106) [64], (5 × 106) [48, 49, 52, 65, 75, 84], (107) [22, 55, 56, 87], (5 × 107) [51]/(3) [58] (100) [46, 48, 55, 58, 59, 61, 63, 72, 73, 75, 76, 83, 84, 86, 87], (200) [22, 51, 88], (500) [20], IV-ND [45, 49, 52, 56, 57, 62, 64, 65, 71]	CD 12 [52], 14 [58, 62, 76], 16 [84], 17 [59], 21 [57, 61, 65, 83], 25 [64, 86], 26 [71], 28 [46, 48, 75, 88], 30 [56], 31 [49], 34 [51], 35 [45], 43 [72], 45 [87], 56 [20, 73] ND [22, 55]	100% (432/432) [22, 45, 46, 48, 51, 52, 57–59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 71–73, 76, 83, 86, 87] 95% (19/20) [20] 87% (13/15) [63] 77% (23/30) [56] ND [49, 55, 75, 84, 88]	Histology [20, 22, 45, 49, 51, 52, 63, 65, 72, 73, 75] IHC [20, 22, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 58, 59, 61, 63–65, 71–73, 86–88]	Caliper [45, 49, 51, 52, 55–59, 61, 62, 64, 71, 72, 76, 83, 84, 86, 87] FI [58]	28 [20, 22, 45, 46, 48, 49, 51, 52, 55–59, 61–65, 71–73, 75, 76, 83, 86, 87] a[84, 88]
CH-157/malignant	NU/NU [6, 95, 96], CD1 [20, 72], BALB/c-nu [97],	3 [20, 72], 5–6 [6] ND [95–97]	(5 × 105) [72], (106–1.25 × 106) [20], (1.5 × 106) [95–97], (3 × 106) [6] /(100–500) [20, 72, 95, 97]; IV-ND [6, 96]	CD 28 [6], 30 [95], 43 [72], OC 43 [20] ND [96, 97]	100% (47/47) [20, 72, 95, 96] ND [6, 97]	Histology [20, 72, 97] IHC [6, 20, 72, 95, 97]	Caliper [20, 72] PET [95, 96] FI [97]	7 [6, 20, 72, 95–97] a[88]
HKBMM	BALB/cAJcl-nu/nu [102], Nude [103], BALB/c-nu [84, 104]	4–6 [103], 6–9 [84, 102, 104]	(5 × 105) [102], (106) [102], (5 × 105) [84], 7 × 106) [103], (107) [104]/(100) [84], (200) [102, 103], IV-ND [104]	CD 16 [84], 49 [103], 56 [104], 140 [102] ND [102]	100% (28/28) [102–104]	Histology [103, 104] IHC [103, 104]	Caliper [84, 102]	4 [102–104] a[84]
NCH93	NMRI/nu [110, 111, 115]	5–6 [110, 111, 115]	(106) [110], (4 × 106) [111, 115]/(100) [110, 111], (200) [115]	SS 15 [111], 21 [115], 49 [110]	100% (44/44) [110, 111, 115]	Histology [110, 111, 115] IHC [110, 111, 115]	Caliper [110, 111, 115]	3 [110, 111, 115]
SF4433	Athymic [108, 109]	5 [108], 6 [109]	(2 × 105) [108, 109]/(100) [108, 109]	CD 14 [109], 17 [108]	100% (40/40) [108, 109]	-	BLI [108, 109]	2 [108, 109]
SF3061	Athymic [109]	6 [109]	(2 × 106) [109]/(100) [109]	CD 11 [109]	100% (30/30) [109]	-	Caliper [109]	1 [109]
KT21MG1/malignant	ICR nu/nu [100]	4–5 [100]	8 × 106 [100]/IV-ND [100]	CD 90 [100]	100% (3/3) [100]	Histology [100] IHC [100]	–	1 [100]
F5	BALC/c [106]	6 [106]	WT [106]	SS 28 [106]	100% (40/40) [106]	IHC [106]	–	1 [106]
HBL52	BALB/c [112]	7 [112]	(105) [112]/(200) [112]	CC 49 [112] SS (27) [112]	100% (96/96) [112]	IHC [112]	Caliper [112]	1 [112]
KCI-MENG1-LP/HP	SCID/NCr [105]	ND [105]	ND [105]	Serial transplantations [105]	ND [105]	Histology(105) IHC [105]	–	1 [105]

ToA: Type of animal, NoC/IV: Number of cells/injection volume (μl), DoI: Duration of incubation, TTR: Tumor take rate, w: weeks, d: days, ND: Not described to a degree of certainty/Not described at all, PuCL: Papers using the cell line, IVoG: Validation of growth, NIVoG: Non-invasive validation of growth, BLI: Bioluminescence, SS: Survival study—number of days 50% dead (control animals) or human endpoint met, CD: Chosen day of death, OC: Other causes for termination, FI: Fluorescence imaging

^aUncertain use of cells in model, WT (whole tumor from original paper)