Summary of findings 2. Overall effects of thiazides for primary hypertension.
| Thiazide compared with placebo for primary hypertension | ||||
|
Patient or population: adults with primary hypertension Settings: outpatient Intervention: all thiazides^ Comparison: placebo | ||||
| Outcomes | MD (95% CI) mmHg | No of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments |
| Systolic blood pressure | ‐9.1 (‐9.7 to ‐8.5) | 7733 (47) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ high | At doses achieving maximal effect and above |
| Diastolic blood pressure | ‐3.6 (‐4.0 to ‐3.3) | 8064 (51) | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ high | At doses achieving maximal effect and above |
| Withdrawal due to adverse effects | RR 0.64 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.93) |
3698 (20) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low | See comments 1 and 2 |
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio | ||||
^Includes thiazide and thiazide‐like diuretics.
1Based on a high risk of selective reporting of outcome from 20 out of 40 trials meeting the inclusion criteria.
2Withdrawals due to inclusion of an increase in blood pressure as an adverse effect (AE) was the major reason for withdrawals in the placebo group.