Table 1.
Patients’ demographics and clinical characteristics
| Patient no. | Sex | Age (years) | AA types | Disease durationa | Previous treatments for AA | Time before first signs of regrowth with baricitinib | Regrowth description/SALT score at the end of follow-up | Time needed to reach complete regrowth | Follow-up duration | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | F | 39 | Patchy (head, eyelashes, eyebrows) | 32 years | Topical CS, topical pimecrolimus, intralesional CS injections, minoxidil 2%, MTX, methylprednisolone infusions | 6 weeks |
Diffuse regrowth of hair, eyelashes, eyebrows Persistence of one patch with visible regrowth (SALT score ≤ 20) |
NA | 28 months | ALT 42 |
| 2 | F | 35 | Patchy (head) | 1.5 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, minoxidil 2%/5%, diphencyprone | 6 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) |
15 months | 31 months | None |
| 3 | M | 32 | Patchy (head, beard, eyelashes, eyebrows) | 13 months | Topical CS, minoxidil 5%, intralesional CS injections | 6 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) |
20 months | 29 months | TG 203 |
| 4 | F | 27 | Patchy (head) | 15 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, Methylprednisolone infusions | 6 weeks |
Persistence of three patches (SALT score ≤ 20) |
NA | 30 months | Acne |
| 5 | M | 30 | Patchy (head, beard) | 4 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, topical pimecrolimus | 4 weeks |
Recurrence of one patch (SALT score ≤ 20) 4 months after achieving CR (SALT score = 0) and stopping treatment |
13.5 months | 24 months | Chol 233, LDL 147, TG 184 |
| 6 | F | 35 | Patchy (head) | 5 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, minoxidil, cyclosporine | 6 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0), no recurrence 12 months after baricitinib discontinuation |
8.5 months | 17 months | None |
| 7 | F | 18 | Patchy (head) | 9 years | Topical CS, isoprinosine, minoxidil 2%/5% | 8 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) |
13 months | 23 months | Chol 302, TG 213 |
| 8 | M | 22 | Totalis | 7 years | UV, intralesional CS injections, topical CS, minoxidil | 4 weeks |
Partial regrowth (SALT score ~ 50) |
NA | 16 months | None |
| 9 | M | 70 | Universalis | 63 years | Unknown | 12 weeks |
Partial regrowth in the beard and occipital area (SALT score ~ 80) |
NA | 17 months | None |
| 10 | F | 33 | Universalis | 25 years | Intralesional CS injections, systemic CS, minoxidil, MTX | 6 weeks |
Almost complete regrowth, except for three small patches (SALT score ≤ 20) |
NA | 12 months | Chol 209, LDL 136, TG 224 |
| 11 | F | 53 | Universalis | 19 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, minoxidil 5%, systemic CS, MTX | 4 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) but recurrence of one small patch 4 months after dose reduction (SALT score remained ≤ 20) |
7 months | 12.5 months | None |
| 12 | M | 42 | Universalis | 15 years | Unknown | 8 weeks |
Partial regrowth (SALT score ~ 40) |
NA | 12 months | Mild headaches, Chol 211, LDL 218 |
| 13 | F | 38 | Patchy (head, eyebrows) | 26 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, minoxidil 5%, systemic CS, MTX | 8 weeks |
Recurrence of four patches (SALT score remained ≤ 20) 1 month after reaching primary outcome and discontinuing baricitinib |
NA | 7.5 months | None |
| 14 | M | 31 | Patchy (head, beard, torso) | 2 years | Topical CS, minoxidil 5% | 16 weeks |
Persistence of one patch (SALT score ≤ 20) |
NA | 7 months | None |
| 15 | F | 42 | Universalis | 20 years | None | NA | No sign of regrowth | NA | 9.5 months | None |
| 16 | F | 31 | Patchy (head) | 22 years | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections, systemic CS, minoxidil 2%/5%, topical diphencyprone 0.1%, MTX | 8 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) |
4.5 months | 9 months | None |
| 17 | F | 45 | Patchy (head) | 6 months | Topical CS, intralesional CS injections | 8 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) |
4 months | 8 months | Mild headaches |
| 18 | F | 41 | Universalis | 6 years | Upadacitinib | NA | No sign of regrowth | NA | 6.5 months | None |
| 19 | F | 30 | Totalis | 1 month | Topical CS, systemic CS, minoxidil 5% | 6 weeks |
Complete regrowth (SALT score = 0) |
3.5 months | 7.5 months | Mild headaches, ALT 47, CPK 927 |
aAll patients were in the chronic phase of the disease at baseline, except for patient 17 and 19
AA alopecia areata, ALT alanine amino transferase (U/L), Chol cholesterol (mg/dL), CPK creatine phosphokinase (U/L), CR complete regrowth, CS corticosteroids, F female, LDL low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL), M male, MTX methotrexate, NA not applicable, SALT severity of alopecia tool, TG triglycerides (mg/dL), UV ultraviolet