Table 3.
Factors Related to Imaging Progression at Minimal Viral Load Condition
| Characteristics | Non-Progression Group (n=20) | Progression Group (n=45) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 0.022 | ||
| Average | 52 (48,56) | 56 (50,69) | |
| Range | 30–65 | 34–92 | |
| Sex | 0.929 | ||
| Male | 6 (30.00%) | 14 (31.11%) | |
| Female | 14 (70.00%) | 31 (68.89%) | |
| Initial symptoms* | 0.377 | ||
| Presence | 12 (60.00%) | 32 (71.11%) | |
| Absence | 8 (40.00%) | 13 (28.89%) | |
| Comorbidities** | 0.706 | ||
| Presence | 9 (45.00%) | 18 (40.00%) | |
| Absence | 11 (55.00%) | 27 (60.00%) | |
| Laboratory tests on admission | |||
| Leukocyte count (×109/L) | 4.62 (3.63,5.84) | 4.78 (3.91,5.73) | 0.738 |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L) | 2.54 (2.28,4.51) | 3.18 (2.29,4.21) | 0.760 |
| Lymphocyte count (×109/L) | 1.02 (0.58,1.70) | 0.94 (0.66,1.29) | 0.604 |
| Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 3.00 (1.00,12.78) | 4.90 (3.15,12.55) | 0.191 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/H) | 12.00 (4.75,22.00) | 21.5 (8.00,43.00) | 0.046 |
| Interleukin-6 (pg/mL) | 3.14 (0,10.60) | 5.98 (2.04,12.73) | 0.461 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.02 (0.01,0.04) | 0.03 (0.02,0.07) | 0.039 |
| D-dimer level (mg/L) | 0.18 (0.08,0.34) | 0.45 (0.27,0.53) | 0.004 |
| Virus-specific IgG antibody (S/CO) | 9.24 (2.01,58.65) | 2.47 (0.93,5.95) | 0.006 |
| Virus-specific IgM antibody (S/CO) | 0.26 (0.09,0.54) | 0.11 (0.07,0.33) | 0.455 |
| Vaccination status | 0.863 | ||
| Unvaccinated | 1 (5.00%) | 1 (2.22%) | |
| Single or double vaccinated | 3 (15.00%) | 7 (15.56%) | |
| Booster vaccinated | 16 (80.00%) | 37 (82.22%) | |
| Initial RT-PCR test at admission | |||
| Ct values of ORF1ab gene | 23.64 (18.74,29.29) | 22.87 (20.46,28.06) | 0.957 |
| Ct values of N gene | 21.61 (18.33,26.92) | 22.78 (17.63,28.31) | 0.896 |
| Infection duration at the time of initial CT scan (days)*** | 0.571 | ||
| Average | 1.00 (1.00,3.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.00) | |
| Range | 1.00–13.00 | 1.00–6.00 | |
| CT involvement scores on initial CT | 0.012 | ||
| Average | 0.00 (0.00,3.50) | 0.00 (0.00,0.00) | |
| Range | 0.00–17.00 | 0.00–8.00 |
Notes: *Symptoms included fever, fatigue, cough, expectoration, chest pain (chest tightness), shortness of breath, muscle pain, sore throat, diarrhea, loss of appetite, headache, and abdominal pain. **Comorbidities included cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised status, and chronic lung, liver, or renal disease. ***Infection duration at the time of initial CT scan, days from initial positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 to first CT scan.
Abbreviations: RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; ORF1ab, open reading frame 1ab; N, nucleocapsid; CT, computed tomography.