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. 2023 Oct 16;14:1214514. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214514

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Copyright © 2023 Duman and Karav

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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General Overview of Bovine Colostrum Composition and Important Roles. BC contains a variety of nutritionally and physiologically significant compounds and each active substance serves a specific purpose. Considering the general content of BC, the main nourishing part, such as lipids, vitamins-minerals, growth factors, proteins, and lactose, provides energy to newborn calves and supports calf growth, while the biologically active components, such as Igs, Lf, growth factors, etc., support the immune system and provide passive immunity to protect against several infections from pathogens, viruses, etc. In addition to these components, oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, bioactive proteins, and peptides support calf development and also have antimicrobial properties (25, 26).