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. 2023 Oct 16;14:1231937. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231937

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Copyright © 2023 Chen, Jiang, Ding, Zhong, Li, Wan, Feng, Peng, Yang, Chen, Wang, Jiao, Yang, Chen, Li, Shi, Zhang, Wang, Yang and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Molecular characterization of podocytes in NS-IgAN. (A, B) UMAP plots showing expression of NPHS2 (A) and FGF1 (B) in kidney and fluorescence staining of podocin and FGF1 in healthy kidney from The Human Protein Atlas database (https://www.proteinatlas.org/). (C) Heatmap showing up- and down-regulated DEGs of podocytes in the CTRL, HU-IgAN, NGC, and LGC groups. (D) EMT gene set scores for podocytes in CTRL, HU-IgAN, NGC, SGC, and LGC groups. (E) PRSS23 mRNA expression in glomeruli of human biopsy specimens with pathological diagnosis of MN, FSGS, IgAN, or vasculitis disease compared with normal kidneys. Data are from previously published microarray studies by Ju et al. (2013) (23) and were subjected to further analysis using Nephroseq. A two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used for each comparison. All differences with P < 0.05 are indicated, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, and ****P<0.0001. (F) UMAP plots showing the expression of PTGDS in the kidney. (G) Statistical analysis of the expression level of PTGDS in podocytes in HU-IgAN, NGC, and LGC compared with CTRL. Since only 2 podocytes were captured in SGC patients, the comparison between SGC and CTRL was not performed. (H) PTGDS mRNA expression in glomeruli of human biopsy with pathological diagnosis of MN, FSGS, IgAN, or vasculitis disease compared with normal kidneys. Data are from previously published microarray studies by Ju et al. (2013) (23) and were subjected to further analysis using Nephroseq. (I) Immunofluorescence staining of PGDS in glomeruli of the NS-IgAN patient and the healthy control child. (J) Statistical analysis of PGDS glomerular mean fluorescence intensity quantified using NIS-Elements software. (K) Representative pictures of PGDS and nephrin staining in podocytes exposed to vehicle (CTRL) or Adriamycin (ADR). (L) Statistical analysis of the mean fluorescence intensity of PGDS between vehicle and ADR podocytes. A two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test was used for each comparison. All differences with P< 0.05 are indicated, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, and ****P<0.0001. ns means no significant difference.