Comparison 1. Beta‐adrenergic blocker versus placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 All‐cause mortality	2	599	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.62 [0.03, 15.02]
2 Cardiovascular mortality	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
3 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction	2	599	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.46, 1.49]
4 Arrhythmia	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
5 Heart failure	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
6 Stroke	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
7 Composite cardiovascular events	2	599	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.55, 1.39]
8 Intra‐operative bradycardia	2	599	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.97 [3.22, 7.65]
9 Intra‐operative hypotension	2	599	Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.84 [1.31, 2.59]
10 Re‐hospitalisation at 30 days	1		Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected