Comparison 3. Calcium supplementation versus placebo or no treatment (adverse outcomes).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Side effects of calcium supplementation ‐ Maternal cholestatic jaundice	4		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Maternal cholestatic jaundice	1	100	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.13, 71.92]
1.2 Gatrointenstinal symptoms (including nausea, heartburn and diarrhoea)	1	52	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.16 [0.43, 10.78]
1.3 Gall stones	1	518	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.35 [0.48, 3.85]
1.4 Headache, vomiting, backache, swelling, vaginal and urinary complaints, dyspepsia, abdominal pain	1	8312	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.93, 1.12]
2 Urinary stones	3	13419	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.48, 2.54]
3 Urinary tract infection	3	1743	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.69, 1.30]
4 Renal colic	1	8312	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.67 [0.40, 6.99]
5 Impaired renal function	1	4589	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.51, 1.64]
6 Maternal anemia	1	1098	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.04 [0.90, 1.22]