Table 3.

Rates of eye care utilization by frailty group, adjusted. Negative binomial regression results assessing incident rate ratio for each eye care utilization category by frailty group, adjusted for age, gender, glaucoma severity, race, and socioeconomic status.

Table 3: Rates of Eye Care Utilization by Frailty Group, Adjusted
Outcomes	Incident Rate Ratio
	Mildly frail (CFIa 0.20–0.29)b	Moderately and severely frail (CFI 0.30–1)b	Black/African Americanc	Otherd
Outpatient eye examinations, office visits, consultations	0.99 (0.98, 1.00)	0.85 (0.83, 0.88)	0.93 (0.92, 0.95)	1.03 (1.01, 1.04)
Inpatient, emergency department encounters	2.38 (1.60, 3.56)	5.03 (2.36, 10.71)	2.12 (1.35, 3.34)	1.29 (0.70, 2.38)
Nursing facility encounters, home visits	5.65 (3.47, 9.21)	34.89 (14.82, 82.13)	1.60 (0.86, 2.96)	1.07 (0.51, 2.22)
Visual field tests	0.88 (0.86, 0.89)	0.64 (0.60, 0.67)	0.95 (0.94, 0.97)	1.07 (1.05, 1.09)
Retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography tests	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	0.77 (0.73, 0.81)	0.80 (0.78, 0.82)	0.97 (0.95, 1.00)
Glaucoma drugs dispensed, days	0.94 (0.90, 0.98)	0.88 (0.81, 0.96)	0.98 (0.93, 1.03)	0.97 (0.91, 1.03)
Selective laser trabeculoplasties	0.93 (0.86, 1.01)	0.74 (0.60, 0.92)	0.97 (0.88, 1.06)	1.03 (0.89, 1.19)
Glaucoma surgeries	0.87 (0.78, 0.97)	0.74 (0.55, 0.99)	1.20 (1.08, 1.34)	1.19 (1.07, 1.33)

^aClaims-based frailty index

^bRelative to non-/prefrail cohort (CFI 0–0.19)

^cRelative to non-Hispanic White beneficiaries

^dAggregate of Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and other beneficiaries, relative to non-Hispanic White beneficiaries