Table 3.
Critical Coagulation Concentration (CCC) of Various Ligated AuNPs with Three Segmentsa
| ligand type | sample | EF (μM) | TF (μM) | AF (μM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| native | citrate-Au | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| polyphenols | EGCG-Au | 20 | N.D.b | N.D. |
| TA-Au | 20 | 50 | N.D. | |
| phosphine ligands | TCEP-Au | 0.5 | 5 | N.D. |
| DPPS-Au | 5 | 50 | 100 | |
| BSPP-Au | 10 | N.D. | N.D. | |
| thiolate ligands | DTT-Au | 1 | 50 | N.D. |
| MPA-Au | 5 | 50 | 50 | |
| MPS-Au | 10 | 50 | N.D. | |
| GSH-Au | 50 | 50 | N.D. | |
| HS-PEG~110-COOH-Au | 50 | 100 | N.D. | |
| LA-PEG12-COOH-Au | N.D. | 50 | N.D. | |
| LA-ZW-Au | 50 | 50 | N.D. | |
| macromolecular ligands | X4C4-Au | 20 | N.D. | N.D. |
| PAA-Au | 5 | N.D. | N.D. | |
| PSS-Au | 0.5 | 10 | 5 | |
| PVP-Au | 2 | 10 | 5 | |
| LA-PIMA-PEG15-Au | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | |
| BSA-Au | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. |
a
The aggregation induced by electrostatic fragment (EF), thiolate fragment (TF), and aromatic fragment (AF) is through electrostatic, covalent, and π–π stacking interaction, respectively.
b
“N.D.” indicates NP aggregation Not Detected under the tested conditions.