Table 2.
Treatment and outcomes of definite, probable, and possible CVST-VITT cases from middle- and high-income countries.
| CVST-VITT cases from middle-income countries (N = 32) | CVST-VITT cases from high-income countries (N = 103) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment data, n/N (%) | |||
| Any anticoagulant treatment | 27/31 (87) | 90/103 (87) | >0.990* |
| Non-heparin as first anticoagulant a | 14/27 (52) | 56/90 (62) | 0.335 |
| Any immunomodulatory treatment b | 19/30 (63) | 68/99 (69) | 0.584 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 19/30 (63) | 63/99 (64) | 0.976 |
| Plasma exchange | 1/30 (3) | 5/99 (5) | >0.990* |
| Corticosteroids | 10/30 (33) | 29/99 (29) | 0.673 |
| Eculizumab | 0/30 | 2/99 (2) | >0.990* |
| Rituximab | 0/30 | 1/99 (1) | >0.990* |
| Platelet transfusion | 5/30 (17) | 27/99 (27) | 0.239 |
| Endovascular treatment | 2/32 (6) | 15/102 (15) | 0.360* |
| Decompressive neurosurgery | 6/31 (19) | 29/103 (28) | 0.328 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 24/32 (75) | 81/100 (81) | 0.464 |
| Clinical events during admission, n/N (%) | |||
| New concomitant VTE | 1/30 (3) | 16/96 (17) | 0.071* |
| Bleeding complication | 8/29 (28) | 36/101 (36) | 0.419 |
| Major bleeding c | 6/28 (21) | 30/100 (30) | 0.373 |
| Discharge, n/N (%) | |||
| Duration hospital admission, median (IQR) | 8 (4–12) d | 7 (2–17) e | 0.991 |
| Discharge disposition | <0.001* | ||
| Home | 22/31 (71) | 34/101 (34) | |
| Rehabilitation center | 1/31 (3) | 21/101 (21) | |
| Other hospital | 1/31 (3) | 2/101 (2) | |
| Deceased | 7/31 (23) | 44/101 (44) | |
Significant p values are in bold. CVST: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; VITT: vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia; VTE: venous thromboembolism.
a
No low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin.
b
Multiple possible.
c
According to the criteria of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
d
Four missing values.
e
Two missing values.
*
Fisher’s exact test or Fisher–Freeman–Halton test.