Table 1.
Characteristics according to triglyceride-glucose index quartile
| Variables | Total (n = 3646) | Q1 6.19–7.97 (n = 911) | Q2 7.97–8.39 (n = 912) | Q3 8.39–8.85 (n = 911) | Q4 8.86–10.95 (n = 912) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 37.4 ± 11.2 | 33.8 ± 10.5 | 36.0 ± 11.3 | 38.6 ± 11.2 | 41.1 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 |
| Gender, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 1956 (53.6) | 343 (37.7) | 465 (51) | 521 (57.2) | 627 (68.8) | |
| Female | 1690 (46.4) | 568 (62.3) | 447 (49) | 390 (42.8) | 285 (31.2) | |
| BMI, kg/cm2 | 28.1 ± 6.5 | 25.8 ± 5.9 | 27.2 ± 6.6 | 29.1 ± 6.3 | 30.3 ± 6.1 | < 0.001 |
| WC, cm | 95.3 ± 15.8 | 87.7 ± 13.9 | 92.8 ± 15.9 | 98.3 ± 15.1 | 102.5 ± 14.4 | < 0.001 |
| Education, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Less than high school | 666 (18.3) | 121 (13.3) | 155 (17) | 176 (19.3) | 214 (23.5) | |
| High school | 784 (21.5) | 182 (20) | 182 (20) | 200 (22) | 220 (24.1) | |
| More than high school | 2196 (60.2) | 608 (66.7) | 575 (63) | 535 (58.7) | 478 (52.4) | |
| Race, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1185 (41.2) | 282 (39) | 303 (42) | 314 (42.8) | 286 (40.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 723 (25.1) | 267 (36.9) | 210 (29.1) | 135 (18.4) | 111 (15.8) | |
| Mexican American | 580 (20.1) | 93 (12.8) | 122 (16.9) | 173 (23.6) | 192 (27.4) | |
| Other race | 391 (13.6) | 82 (11.3) | 86 (11.9) | 111 (15.1) | 112 (16) | |
| Diabetes, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 205 (5.6) | 10 (1.1) | 22 (2.4) | 36 (4) | 137 (15) | |
| No | 3441 (94.4) | 901 (98.9) | 890 (97.6) | 875 (96) | 775 (85) | |
| Moderate recreational activities, % | 0.002 | |||||
| Yes | 1667 (45.7) | 450 (49.4) | 436 (47.8) | 407 (44.7) | 374 (41) | |
| No | 1979 (54.3) | 461 (50.6) | 476 (52.2) | 504 (55.3) | 538 (59) | |
| Smoking status, % | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 1339 (36.7) | 261 (28.6) | 323 (35.4) | 347 (38.1) | 408 (44.7) | |
| No | 2307 (63.3) | 650 (71.4) | 589 (64.6) | 564 (61.9) | 504 (55.3) | |
| Uric_acid, mg/dL | 5.4 ± 1.4 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 72.5 (61.0, 84.0) | 69.0 (59.2, 81.3) | 73.4 (61.9, 84.2) | 72.5 (61.0, 84.9) | 74.3 (61.9, 85.8) | < 0.001 |
| Total calcium, mg/dL | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 0.018 |
| Phosphorus, mg/dL | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 187.4 ± 38.4 | 167.5 ± 31.7 | 181.0 ± 33.3 | 193.3 ± 36.0 | 207.6 ± 40.2 | < 0.001 |
| HDL_C, mg/dL | 53.0 ± 14.7 | 62.0 ± 15.1 | 55.9 ± 14.0 | 50.8 ± 12.4 | 43.5 ± 10.3 | < 0.001 |
| TG, Mean ± SD | 107.0 ± 65.2 | 46.8 ± 10.8 | 75.2 ± 11.0 | 110.9 ± 18.3 | 195.1 ± 63.4 | < 0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 112.9 ± 34.1 | 96.2 ± 27.9 | 110.0 ± 30.0 | 120.3 ± 32.5 | 125.1 ± 37.9 | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 104.0 ± 31.1 | 93.0 ± 8.6 | 97.2 ± 9.8 | 101.8 ± 15.3 | 124.0 ± 53.8 | < 0.001 |
| 25(OH)D, nmol/l | 58.7 ± 23.3 | 58.6 ± 24.6 | 59.3 ± 24.1 | 58.8 ± 22.1 | 58.3 ± 22.2 | 0.819 |
| Lumbar spine BMD, g/cm2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Total BMD, g/cm2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.006 |
| Subtotal BMD, g/cm2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Antihyperlipidemic agents, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 224 (6.1) | 15 (1.6) | 50 (5.5) | 51 (5.6) | 108 (11.8) | |
| No | 2385 (65.4) | 666 (73.1) | 589 (64.6) | 588 (64.5) | 542 (59.4) | |
| Other | 1037 (28.4) | 230 (25.2) | 273 (29.9) | 272 (29.9) | 262 (28.7) | |
| Antidiabetic agents, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 178 (4.9) | 11 (1.2) | 16 (1.8) | 32 (3.5) | 119 (13) | |
| No | 2385 (65.4) | 666 (73.1) | 589 (64.6) | 588 (64.5) | 542 (59.4) | |
| Other | 1083 (29.7) | 234 (25.7) | 307 (33.7) | 291 (31.9) | 251 (27.5) | |
Data were mean ± SD or median (IQR) for skewed variables or numbers (proportions) for categorical variables
BMI Body mass index, WC Waist circumference, TyG Triglyceride-glucose index, TC Total cholesterol, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, TG Triglycerides, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, BMD Bone mineral density, TyG Triglyceride-glucose index, IQR Interquartile range