Table 3.
Summary statistics (using lognormal distributions) of 28 PVOCs (ng/ml) detected in human urine across n = 120 samples from 28 human subjects
| Compound | LOD | # Imputed | GM | GSD | 95% FR | Min | p25 | median | p75 | p95 | p99 | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isovaleraldehyde | 0.379 | 0 | 3.798 | 2.374 | 29.66 | 0.662 | 2.000 | 4.149 | 6.490 | 14.70 | 36.71 | 39.32 |
| 2-Pentanone | 0.293 | 0 | 173.6 | 3.133 | 87.93 | 1.626 | 81.46 | 162.7 | 410.4 | 967.5 | 1513 | 2105 |
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanone | 0.125 | 0 | 4.323 | 2.612 | 43.13 | 0.208 | 2.387 | 4.424 | 8.224 | 16.67 | 20.66 | 26.03 |
| 2-Butanone | 0.605 | 1 | 69.27 | 2.389 | 30.38 | 7.037 | 35.70 | 64.64 | 118.1 | 301.5 | 452.6 | 465.8 |
| Pyrrole | 0.083 | 1 | 15.96 | 3.060 | 80.21 | 0.842 | 7.891 | 15.40 | 29.60 | 116.3 | 167.6 | 259.9 |
| 4-Heptanone | 0.417 | 1 | 62.02 | 5.505 | 801.0 | 0.701 | 21.38 | 70.24 | 214.5 | 731.8 | 2578 | 3678 |
| Dimethyl disulfide | 0.026 | 2 | 3.388 | 2.795 | 56.18 | 0.088 | 2.072 | 3.668 | 6.745 | 18.15 | 21.27 | 22.36 |
| Carvone | 0.614 | 5 | 8.430 | 9.183 | 5954 | 0.027 | 2.078 | 6.617 | 20.75 | 540.9 | 4129 | 5665 |
| 1-Pentanol | 0.138 | 6 | 0.754 | 2.697 | 48.85 | 0.056 | 0.344 | 0.816 | 1.597 | 3.118 | 3.417 | 19.03 |
| Pentanal | 0.660 | 8 | 5.657 | 2.987 | 72.90 | 0.324 | 3.017 | 6.130 | 10.69 | 27.80 | 108.9 | 116.6 |
| Allyl isothiocyanate | 0.024 | 16 | 0.611 | 16.95 | 6.58E+4 | <LOD | 0.097 | 0.596 | 2.940 | 98.71 | 732.7 | 735.1 |
| 2-Methyl-1-propanol | 1.402 | 24 | 6.176 | 7.680 | 2955 | <LOD | 1.761 | 4.402 | 39.23 | 103.0 | 344.0 | 1007 |
| Hexanal | 8.342 | 28 | 21.63 | 2.598 | 42.20 | <LOD | 10.10 | 22.17 | 46.70 | 86.83 | 113.5 | 118.5 |
| 3-Methyl-1-butanol | 0.237 | 37 | 0.525 | 4.539 | 376.1 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.452 | 1.633 | 7.618 | 15.94 | 28.09 |
| 2-Methyl-propanal | 1.782 | 40 | 3.632 | 3.019 | 76.00 | <LOD | <LOD | 3.514 | 7.909 | 18.05 | 40.10 | 43.53 |
| 2 - Ethoxy-2-methyl propane | 0.027 | 54 | 0.676 | 22.78 | 2.10E+5 | <LOD | 0.071 | 0.316 | 14.99 | 51.76 | 113.1 | 162.5 |
| 1-Propanol | 1.249 | 63 | 0.894 | 11.95 | 1.67E+4 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 3.567 | 93.45 | 221.8 | 320.5 |
| Furfural | 0.401 | 63 | 0.413 | 2.423 | 32.10 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.407 | 0.745 | 1.705 | 2.584 | 3.114 |
| Benzaldehyde | 1.374 | 68 | 1.010 | 4.365 | 322.6 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 2.405 | 15.01 | 21.15 | 23.62 |
| 1-Hexanol | 0.160 | 71 | 0.062 | 8.476 | 4351 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.232 | 1.246 | 5.048 | 211.4 |
| Amylene hydrate | 3.210 | 74 | 6.763 | 4.242 | 288.5 | <LOD | <LOD | 6.469 | 21.98 | 58.87 | 173.5 | 435.6 |
| 2-Ethyl-1-butanol | 0.092 | 82 | 0.057 | 5.926 | 1070 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.155 | 1.320 | 1.893 | 4.158 |
| Heptanal | 3.090 | 86 | 2.613 | 1.605 | 6.383 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 3.497 | 5.624 | 7.760 | 8.236 |
| 4-Methyl-2-pentanol | 0.065 | 105 | 0.004 | 17.19 | 6.95E+4 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.453 | 2.397 | 4.622 |
| 1-Heptanol | 0.177 | 107 | 0.012 | 11.62 | 1.50E+4 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.727 | 2.064 | 7.511 |
| 1-Butanol | 1.360 | 112 | 0.004 | 69.14 | 1.63E+7 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 5.952 | 28.03 | 538.8 |
| Octanal | 18.01 | 114 | 6.957 | 2.007 | 15.34 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 21.45 | 33.99 | 43.82 |
| 3-Methyl-3-pentanol | 0.065 | 118 | 0.000 | 645.1 | 1.03E+11 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.296 | 4.970 |
Abbreviations: FR: fold range; GM: geometric mean; GSD: geometric standard deviation; LOD: limit of detection; Max: maximum; Min: minimum; p25: 25th percentile; p75: 75th percentile; p95 95th percentile; p99: 99th percentile