Fig. 2.

LRRK2 has membrane remodeling properties. (A and B) Confocal microscopy analysis of rhodamine-labeled liposomes incubated with purified full-length LRRK2 (A) or the RCKW fragment (B) in the presence (Right) or absence (Left) of GMPPNP for 30 min at 37 °C. Lower panels show the regions indicated by boxes in the Upper panel at higher magnification. (C and D) Fluorescence images of Rhod-labeled liposomes incubated with full-length GFP-LRRK2 (C) or Alexa488-RCKW (D) in the presence of GMPPNP. (E) Representative time-lapse sequence showing emergence and elongation of Rhod-labeled liposome tubules coated by GFP-LRRK2. (F) EM micrographs showing negative-stained liposome tubules induced by LRRK2 in the presence of GMPPNP. The Inset at the Top Left shows quantification of diameters of LRRK2-coated tubules (diameters measured include the protein coat). One high-magnification image is shown on the Right.