TABLE 2.

Rates of Surgical Adverse Outcomes

	Primary Cohort* (2014–2019) 162,202	Secondary Cohort† (2017–2019) 308,525	P-value
Morbidity (30 d)‡	2.2%	–	< 0.001
Mortality (30 d)	0.2%	0.1%	< 0.001
Mortality (inpatient)	0.1%	0.0%	< 0.001
Readmission (30 d)	2.8%	2.7%	< 0.001
Return to Emergency Department (7 d)	7.4%	5.7%	< 0.001
Any Returns to Care (30 d)	12.8%	11.5%	< 0.001

^*The primary cohort was limited to elective surgical cases reported to the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP).

^†The secondary cohort limited to elective surgical cases that were not sampled for reporting to NSQIP.

^‡Morbidity is defined the composite outcome of 30-day mortality and 30-day NSQIP major complications, which include cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, septic shock, surgical site infections, unplanned intubation, deep vein thrombosis, progressive renal insufficiency or renal failure, and cerebrovascular accident.