Figure 1:

Formatting of reports for input to encoder-decoder and decoder-only models. For encoder-decoder models, the first two lines describe the examination category and encode the reading physician’s identity, respectively. “Findings” contains the clinical findings from the PET report, and “Indication” includes the patient’s medical history and the reason for the examination. For decoder-only models, each case follows a specific format for the instruction: “Derive the impression from the given [description] for [physician]”. “Input” accommodates the concatenation of clinical findings and indications. The output always starts with the prefix “Response:”. Both model architectures utilize the cross-entropy loss to compute the difference between original clinical impressions and model-generated impressions.