Table 2.
Models Comparing Pre- and Post-Scales and Scale Change between High- and Low-Use Groups
| Measures | Statistics | Total |
p a | High-use |
p a | Low-use |
p a | p b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-survey | Post-survey | Pre-survey | Post-survey | Pre-survey | Post-survey | ||||||
| Treatment engagement | Mean | 11.45 | 10.98 | 0.3647 | 11.15 | 11.69 | 0.5844 | 11.78 | 10.17 | 0.0897 | 0.0555 |
| Median | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.00 | 11.50 | 12.00 | 10.00 | |||||
| SD | 4.18 | 4.54 | 3.97 | 4.33 | 4.48 | 4.73 | |||||
| Appraisal of diabetes | Mean | 16.65 | 15.63 | <.0001 | 17.62 | 16.46 | <.0001 | 15.57 | 14.70 | 0.0001 | 0.7112 |
| Median | 17.00 | 15.00 | 17.50 | 16.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 | |||||
| SD | 4.53 | 4.60 | 3.80 | 4.06 | 5.11 | 5.07 | |||||
| PROMIS General Life Satisfaction | Mean | 23.16 | 24.35 | 0.0663 | 23.04 | 24.92 | 0.0409 | 23.30 | 23.70 | 0.6678 | 0.2408 |
| Median | 24.00 | 25.00 | 24.50 | 24.50 | 24.00 | 26.00 | |||||
| SD | 6.91 | 6.56 | 6.97 | 5.20 | 7.00 | 7.89 | |||||
| PROMIS General Self Efficacy | Mean | 17.02 | 16.82 | 0.7526 | 16.65 | 16.00 | 0.2635 | 17.43 | 17.74 | 0.4058 | 0.3140 |
| Median | 17.00 | 17.00 | 17.00 | 16.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | |||||
| SD | 2.65 | 3.06 | 2.73 | 3.37 | 2.56 | 2.42 | |||||
| PROMIS Depression | Mean | 6.18 | 6.06 | 0.5370 | 6.08 | 5.73 | 0.3665 | 6.30 | 6.43 | 1.0000 | 0.2642 |
| Median | 5.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 5.00 | |||||
| SD | 2.88 | 3.53 | 2.64 | 3.13 | 3.20 | 3.98 | |||||
| PROMIS Anxiety | Mean | 7.14 | 7.14 | 0.9577 | 7.46 | 7.19 | 0.6294 | 6.78 | 7.09 | 0.5764 | 0.3733 |
| Median | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 5.00 | 6.00 | |||||
| SD | 3.63 | 3.81 | 3.77 | 3.71 | 3.53 | 4.01 | |||||
| Perceived Stress Scale | Mean | 5.37 | 5.22 | 0.7088 | 5.31 | 5.23 | 0.8918 | 5.43 | 5.22 | 0.6790 | 0.8560 |
| Median | 5.00 | 6.00 | 5.00 | 5.50 | 6.00 | 6.00 | |||||
| SD | 2.89 | 3.18 | 2.66 | 3.12 | 3.19 | 3.32 | |||||
| Technology anxiety | Mean | 7.80 | 7.22 | 0.2351 | 8.54 | 8.00 | 0.4374 | 6.96 | 6.35 | 0.3610 | 0.7415 |
| Median | 8.00 | 6.00 | 9.00 | 8.00 | 5.00 | 4.00 | |||||
| SD | 3.73 | 4.17 | 3.49 | 4.45 | 3.89 | 3.74 | |||||
| Technology facilitating factors | Mean | 17.80 | 18.00 | 0.8658 | 16.85 | 17.96 | 0.3077 | 18.87 | 18.04 | 0.2480 | 0.3048 |
| Median | 18.00 | 19.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 18.00 | 19.00 | |||||
| SD | 3.98 | 3.98 | 5.00 | 4.18 | 1.96 | 3.84 | |||||
| System usability | Mean | — | 81.63 | — | — | 85.19 | — | — | 77.61 | — | 0.4298 |
| Median | — | 90.00 | — | 90.00 | — | 77.50 | |||||
| SD | — | 18.35 | — | 14.00 | — | 21.92 | |||||
a
p-Values calculated using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.
b
p-Values calculated using the two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U test.
PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; SD, standard deviation.