Table 1.
Comparison of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics at Baseline, and Clinical Outcome During Follow-Up in COPD Patients in the New GOLD 2023 Group
| Variables | Total (n=2,499) | Group A (n=210) | Group B (n=1,119) | Group E (n=1,170) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||||
| Male, n (%) | 2,175 (87.0) | 191 (91.0) | 961 (85.9) | 1,023 (87.4) | 0.114 |
| Age, Mean±SD | 63.2±8.2 | 61.0±8.1 | 62.8±8.2 | 64.0±8.1 | <0.001* |
| BMI, Mean±SD | 22.6±3.5 | 23.4±3.0 | 22.9±3.4 | 22.2±3.5 | <0.001* |
| Smoking status, n (%) | <0.001* | ||||
| Non-smoker | 418 (16.7) | 24 (11.4) | 192 (17.2) | 202 (17.3) | |
| Current Smoker | 1275 (51.0) | 132 (62.9) | 593 (53.0) | 550 (47.0) | |
| Former Smoker | 806 (32.3) | 54 (25.7) | 334 (29.8) | 418 (35.7) | |
| Post-FEV1/FVC%, Mean±SD | 46.8±12.2 | 55.2±10.2 | 47.5±12.2 | 44.7±11.9 | <0.001* |
| Post-FEV1% predicted, Mean±SD | 53.1±20.8 | 69.1±19.3 | 54.3±20.2 | 49.1±20.1 | <0.001* |
| COPD severity, n (%) | <0.001* | ||||
| Stage 1 | 266 (10.6) | 60 (28.6) | 115 (10.3) | 91 (7.8) | |
| Stage 2 | 1,035 (41.4) | 117 (55.7) | 504 (45.0) | 414 (35.4) | |
| Stage 3 | 856 (34.3) | 30 (14.3) | 379 (33.9) | 447 (38.2) | |
| Stage 4 | 342 (13.7) | 3 (1.4) | 121 (10.8) | 218 (18.6) | |
| CAT, Mean±SD | 15.5±6.6 | 6.2±2.4 | 15.7±5.5 | 17.1±6.7 | <0.001* |
| mMRC, Mean±SD | 2.1±1.0 | 0.7±0.4 | 2.1±0.9 | 2.3±1.0 | <0.001* |
| Exacerbation in the past year, n (%) | 1,388 (55.5) | 29 (13.8) | 189 (16.9) | 1,170 (100) | <0.001* |
| Severe exacerbation in the past year, n (%) | 818 (32.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 818 (69.9) | <0.001* |
| Outcome | |||||
| Exacerbations in the first year, n (%) | 853 (34.1) | 64 (30.5) | 296 (26.5) | 493 (42.1) | <0.001* |
| Severe exacerbation in the first year, n (%) | 571 (22.8) | 39 (18.6) | 187 (16.7) | 345 (29.5) | <0.001* |
| Days followed up, Mean±SD | 39.9±8.2 | 41.1±6.7 | 40.3±8.0 | 39.2±8.6 | <0.001* |
| Death, n (%) | 175 (7.0) | 2 (1.0) | 72 (6.4) | 101 (8.6) | <0.001* |
Notes: * Statistical significance was determined at a P-value less than 0.05.
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; CAT, COPD assessment test; mMRC, modified medical research council dyspnea Scale; COPD severity and ABE group were classified using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria.