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Subgroups of dabigatran vs warfarin users with respect to the primary composite endpoint. The subgroups are the terminal nodes of the optimal causal ML model. The green subgroup favors the use of dabigatran while the red subgroup favors warfarin. All the values were estimated based on the matched sample of dabigatran and warfarin users. ATE, average treatment effect; ERPO, events rate per 1,000; ML, machine learning.
