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Subgroups of rivaroxaban vs warfarin users with respect to the primary composite endpoint. The subgroups are the terminal nodes of the optimal causal ML model. The green subgroups favor the use of rivaroxaban. All the values were estimated based on the matched sample of rivaroxaban and warfarin users. ATE, average treatment effect; ERPO, events rate per 1,000; ML, machine learning.
