Cell growth (A), ethanol production (B), and xylitol production (C) of wild-type, parental, and disruptant strains of P. stipitis under fermentative conditions. Inocula were grown in flasks for 48 h, and initial cell densities of each strain were adjusted to be similar. Each value represents the mean of two determinations. Symbols: ▪, CBS 6054 (wild type); •, PSU1; ▴, PLU20; ▵, PLU123 (Psadh2 disruptant); ○, PSU218 (Psadh1 disruptant); □, PLU1209 (Psadh double disruptant).