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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 31.
Published in final edited form as: J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2023;16(3):527–537. doi: 10.3233/NPM-230084

Table 3:

Primary Surgery Variables

N Overall Mild/no WMI Moderate/Severe WMI P-Value
N=67 N=48 N=19
Primary Surgery Indication Penrose Drain 65 28 (43.1%) 20 (42.6%) 8 (44.4%) 0.89
Total Primary Surgical Duration (min) 60 97 (78, 123) 96.0 (75.0, 118.0) 106.0 (80.0, 135.0) 0.43
Number of Anesthetic Procedures 66 4 (2, 7) 4 (2, 5) 6.5 (3, 10) 0.012
Type of Anesthetic Agent Used 67
 Isoflurane/Sevoflurane/Desflurane 5 (7.5%) 4 (8.3%) 1 (5.3%) 0.99
 Fentanyl, n (%) 54 (80.6%) 38 (79.2%) 16 (84.2%) 0.74
 Propofol 11 (16.4%) 9 (18.8%) 2 (10.5%) 0.72
Hemodynamics 60 0.39
 Normothermic 39 (65.0%) 30 (68.2%) 9 (56.3%)
 Hypotension 21 (35.0%) 14 (31.8%) 7 (43.8%)
Fluids Used 67
 Normal Saline 14 (20.9%) 11 (22.9%) 3 (15.8%) 0.74
 Albumin 41 (61.2%) 27 (56.3%) 14 (73.7%) 0.19
 Blood 22 (32.8%) 14 (29.2%) 8 (42.1%) 0.31
 Platelets 10 (14.9%) 8 (16.7%) 2 (10.5%) 0.71
 Other 25 (37.3%) 18 (37.5%) 7 (36.8%) 0.96
Fluid Bolus 61 6 (9.8%) 4 (9.1%) 2 (11.8%) 0.99
Use of Inotropes 61 18 (29.5%) 12 (27.3%) 6 (35.3%) 0.54
Paralytic used During Surgery 60 51 (85.0%) 35 (81.4%) 16 (94.1%) 0.42
Type of Paralytic Used 51 0.99
 Rocuronium 49 (96.1%) 33 (94.3%) 16 (100.0%)
 Other 2 (3.9%) 2 (5.7%) 0 (0.00%)
Temperature Before Surgery 60 0.31
 Hypothermic 5 (8.3%) 5 (11.9%) 0 (0.00%)
 Normothermic 55 (91.7%) 37 (88.1%) 18 (100.0%)
Variables After Primary Surgery
Temperature 61 0.22
 Hypothermic 8 (13.1%) 4 (9.3%) 4 (22.2%)
 Normothermic 53 (86.9%) 39 (90.7%) 14 (77.8%)
Duration of Hypotension (min) 59 36 (11, 48) 27.5 (7, 48) 44.0 (25.0, 48.0) 0.33
Number of Fluid Boluses Administered 61 2 (0, 3) 2 (0, 3) 2 (0, 3) 0.97
Hydrocortisone Use 62 26 (41.9%) 17 (38.6%) 9 (50.0%) 0.41
Duration of Hydrocortisone Use (days) 56 0 (0, 10) 0 (0, 9) 6 (0, 10) 0.75
Duration of Dopamine Use After Surgery (Hours) 56 46 (0, 48) 48.0 (0.0, 48.0) 40.5 (18.5, 48) 0.82