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. 2023 Aug 22;37(14):2119–2130. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003667

Fig. 1.

Long-term persistence of antibody responses to HIV-1 antigens in the absence of active viral replication during plasma HIV-RNA less than 50 copies/ml on antiretroviral therapy.

Fig. 1

(a) HIV-DNA levels, CA HIV-RNA levels, and western blot score were longitudinally analyzed for three participants (Pts 21–23). A color-coding scheme to indicate each participant is provided in the key. (b) Distributions of HIV-DNA and CA HIV-RNA sequence lengths for these three participants are shown. Filled circles represent full-length intact species; and open circles represent non-full-length HIV-1 species or full-length containing out-of-frame indels, premature stop codons, or hypermutations. The height of the shaded box represents the median length (kb) calculated for non-full-length HIV-1 species at a given timepoint. Duration of years with plasma HIV-RNA less than 50 copies/ml at time of sampling and numbers of amplicons obtained for HIV-DNA or CA HIV-RNA for each time point are indicated below the plots. Time points when plasma HIV-RNA level was at least 50 copies/ml are indicated in red. (c) Pie charts illustrate the relative abundance of expanded HIV-1 clones (i.e. those detected ≥2 times). Relative abundance of the expanded HIV-1 clonal populations either associated with HIV-RNA transcripts: RNA(+) or without HIV-RNA transcripts: RNA(−) are shown in bar-of-pie charts. Proportions of full-length intact and defective HIV-1 species associated with or without HIV-RNA transcripts are shown in doughnut pie charts.