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. 2023 Aug 31;37(11):8227–8235. doi: 10.1007/s00464-023-10392-4

Table 1.

Patient and operative characteristics data are n (%) unless stated otherwise. Mean and SD (Standard deviation)

Assam (SPF) Manipur (PF) Nagaland (CHC) Total
Patients 52 27 44 123
Age
 Mean (SD) 36 (10) 39 (16) 30 (6) 35.51 (11.17)
Sex
 Male 6 (11.5) 7 (25.9) 1 (2.3) 14 (11.4)
 Female 46 (88.5) 20 (74.1) 43 (97.9) 109 (88.6)
BMI
 18–24 27 (51.9) 17 (63) 23 (53.3) 67 (54.5)
 25–29 21 (40.4) 6 (22.2) 21 (47.7) 48 (39)
 30–34 1 (1.9) 4 (14.8) 0 (0) 5 (4.1)
 Less than 18 3 (5.8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 2.4)
ASA
 I 48 (92.3) 27 (100) 44 (100) 119 (96.7)
 II 4 (7.7) 0 (0) 0 (0) 4 (3.3)
Imaging
 X-ray 2 (3.8) 5 (18.5) 4 (9) 11 (8.9)
 US 50 (96.1) 27 (100) 44 (100) 121 (98.3)
 CT 1 (1.9) 0 0 1 (0.8)
 MRI 1 (1.9) 0 0 1 (0.8)
Operation
 Cholecystectomy 39 (75) 14 (51.9) 1 (2.3) 54 (43.9)
 Tubal ligation 0 (0) 0 (0) 30 (68.2) 30 (24.3)
 Appendicectomy 6 (11.4) 8 (29.6) 6 (13.6) 20 (16.3)
 Ovarian cystectomy 4 (7.7) 2 (7.4) 1 (2.3) 7 (5.7)
 Other 2 (3.8) 1 (3.7) 3 (6.8) 6 (4.9)
 Diagnostic laparoscopy 1 (1.9) 2 (7.4) 2 (4.5) 5 (4.1)
 Adhesiolysis 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (2.3) 1 (0.8)
Type of anesthetist
 Medically qualified specialist 47 (90.4) 27 (100) 1 (2.3) 75 (61)
 Medically qualified non-specialist 0 (0) 0 (0) 28 (63.6) 28 (22.8)
 No anesthetist 1 (1.9) 0 (0) 2 (4.5) 3 (2.4)
 Non doctor anesthetist specialist 0 (0) 0 (0) 10 (22.7) 10 (8.1)
 Non doctor and non-specialist 4 (7.7) 0 (0) 3 (6.8) 7 (5.7)
Type of anesthesia
 GA 42 (79.2) 16 (59.2) 0 (0) 58 (46.7)
 Spinal 11 (20.8) 11 (40.8) 41 (93.1) 63 (50.8)
 Sedation 0 (0) 0 (0) 3 (6.9) 3a (2.5)
Time to set up
 Mean (SD) 5 (1) 9 (2) 9 (2) 7.41 (3.01)
Op time
 Mean (SD) 99 (45) 83 (24) 43 (22) 75.3 (42.05)
Conversion
 Conversion to open surgery 6 (11.5) 4 (14.8) 4 (9.1) 14 (11.4)
 Conversion to traditional laparoscopic surgery 2 (3.8) 9 (33.3) 0 (0) 11 (8.9)
 No conversion occurred 44 (84.6) 14 (51.9) 40 (90.9) 98 (79.7)
Length of hospital stay
Mean (SD) 4.4 (2.3) 3.3 (0.8) 1.2 (0.6) 3 (2.1)

SPF  semi-private facility, PF  private facility, CHC  community health center

aOne patient required sedation and spinal