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. 2023 Jun 8;73(5):397–405. doi: 10.1007/s13224-023-01748-w

Table 3.

Frequency distribution of responses for lifestyle practices of postpartum women

Lifestyle-related behaviour Responses on Likert Scale
1 (Lowest score) 2 3 4 5 (Highest score)
Dietary habits
aConsumption of regular meals (Three major and two–three minor meals) 51(10.1) 39(7.7) 166(26.3) 129(25.5) 120(23.8)
aConsumption of protein-rich foods in the daily diet 35(6.9) 46(9.2) 173(34.3) 130(25.5) 121(23.9)
aConsumption of 4–5 servings of fruits and vegetables in daily diet 84(16.6) 78(15.4) 180(35.6) 89(17.6) 74(14.6)
aConsumption of HFSS (high fat, sugar, and salt) food products 95(18.8) 156(30.9) 118(23.3) 75(14.8) 61(12.08)
Physical activity
bParticipation in daily household chores 57(11.3) 5(0.9) 26(51.1) 37(7.4) 300(75.3)
cParticipation in low-intensity exercises 360(71.3) 50(9.9) 74(14.7) 11(2.2) 10(1.9)
cParticipation in moderate-intensity exercises 446(88.4) 27(5.4) 22(4.4) 5(0.9) 5(0.9)
dTime spent in sedentary activities 138(27.4) 115(22.8) 222(24.2) 98(19.5) 32(6.4)
Sleep
eQuantity of Sleep 142(28.8) 268 (53.1) 95 (18.9)
fQuality of Sleep 13(2.6) 81(16.1) 197(39.1) 193(38.3) 21(4.2)
gChildcare Support at night 73(14.5) 85(16.9) 178(35.3) 127(25.2) 42(8.4)
Healthy eating barriers
hIncreased intake due to breastfeeding 195(38.7) 187(37.1) 12(2.4) 99(19.6) 12(2.4)
hInsufficient knowledge about dietary habits to be followed in postpartum 107(21.2) 236(46.8) 17(5.4) 118(23.4) 17(3.4)
hInability to make conscious dietary efforts for weight loss 90(17.9) 272(53.9) 51(9.0) 93(18.5) 23(4.5)
hLack of time due to childcare and family responsibilities 138(27.4) 206(40.8) 9(1.8) 117(23.2) 35(6.9)
hMismatched eating habits of the family 60(11.9) 184(36.4) 10(1.9) 155(30.6) 96(19.1)
hBound to eat high-calorie food due to family advice 75(14.9) 136(26.9) 19(3.8) 192(38.1) 83(16.5)
hOvereating due to stress, anxiety or to just feel better 62(12.3) 65(12.9) 15(2.9) 26.5(52.5) 98(19.5)
Physical activity barriers
hInsufficient knowledge about physical activities to be done in this period 167(33.1) 239(47.4) 9(1.8) 76(15.0) 14(2
hInability to make conscious efforts for physical activity 114(22.6) 279(55.3) 26(5.2) 67(13.3) 19(3.8)
hUnable to engage due to body pain/ backache, etc. 91(18.1) 225(44.6) 17(3.4) 118(23.4) 54(10.7)
hLack of time due to childcare and family responsibilities 146(28.9) 244(48.4) 10(1.9) 75(14.9) 30(5.1)
hLack of social support for physical activity 39(7.8) 51(10.1) 8(1.6) 286(56.7) 121(23.9)
hLack of parks or gyms 36(7.2) 26(5.6) 6(1.2) 289(57.3) 148(29.4)
Myths
hOvereating helps in providing adequate nutrition to child 124(24.6) 124(24.6) 16(3.1) 215(42.5) 26(5.2)
hExcessive galactagogue consumption during the first 40 days post-pregnancy leads to higher milk formation 164(32.5) 195(38.6) 29(5.8) 104(20.6) 13(2.6)
hReducing calories in diet may lead to reduced milk production 133(26.4) 228(45.2) 40(7.9) 86(17.1) 18(3.5)
hConsumption of excessive ghee in the last trimester of pregnancy 119(23.6) 99(19.6) 14(2.8) 231(45.9) 42(8.4)
hPhysical activity may affect the breast milk composition 85(16.9) 31(6.2) 75(14.9) 231(45.8) 83(16.5)
hBreastfeeding will automatically help in weight loss 146(28.9) 152(30.2) 50(18) 137(27.2) 20(3.9)
h40-day rest after delivery is essential 213(42.2) 156(30.8) 18(3.6) 112(22.2) 6(1.3)

a1(not routinely), 2(one to two times per week), 3(three to four times a week), 4(five to six times a week), (5daily)

b1(not routinely), 2(1–2 days a week), 3(3–4 days a week), 4(5–6 days a week), 5(almost daily)

c1(not at all), 2(up to 15 min), 3(15–30 min), 3(30–45 min), 4(45 min or more)

d1(less than 2 h), 2(2–4 h), 3(4–6 h), 4(6–8 h), 5(more than 8 h)

e1(< 5 h), 2(5–7 h), 3(> 7 h)

f 1(excellent), 2(good), 3(average), 4(poor), 5(very poor)

g 1(always), 2(mostly), 3(sometimes), 4(rarely), 5(never)

h 1(strongly agree), 2(agree), 3(neither agree nor disagree), 4(disagree), 5(strongly disagree)