Fig. 3.

Association between VAP and day-60 mortality among patients with COVID and/or influenza, multivariate Cox model. *Adjustment for age, immunosuppression, steroids on admission, renal SOFA before VAP. **Adjustment for age, comorbidities, immunosuppression, time from admission to intubation > 5 days, time from symptoms to ICU admission > 10 days, Broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy, Renal SOFA > 2, ECMO, parenteral feeding. ***Adjustment for age, comorbidities, immunosuppression, time from admission to intubation > 5 days, time from symptoms to ICU admission > 10 days, Cardio SOFA > 2, Renal SOFA > 2, blocking agent, parenteral feeding, §interactions were tested and there was no interaction between VAP and COVID-19; early VAP and COVID-19 and late VAP and COVID-19. #Late VAP without early VAP VAP ventilator associated pneumonia