Table 2.
Characteristics before the risk of VAP, during ICU stay and main outcomes
| Characteristics (median [IQR] or N(%)) | Influenza (n = 82) | COVID-19 (n = 503) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Timing from ICU admission to intubation | 1 [1; 2] | 2 [1; 3] | < 0.01 |
| Treatments during ICU stay | |||
| Selective digestive decontaminationa | 0 (0) | 54 (10.7%) | < 0.01 |
| Prone position | 18 (22) | 262 (52.1) | < 0.01 |
| RRT | 24 (29.3) | 161 (32) | 0.62 |
| ECMO | 5 (6.1) | 54 (10.7) | 0.20 |
| Vasopressors | 19 (23.2) | 341 (67.8) | < 0.01 |
| Nosocomial infections during ICU stay | |||
| Bacteremia | 16 (19.5) | 108 (21.5) | 0.69 |
| Fungemia | 2 (2.4) | 48 (9.5) | 0.03 |
| VAP | 23 (28) | 209 (41.6) | 0.02 |
| Early VAP (during the first 7 days) | 6 (7.3) | 85 (16.9) | 0.03 |
| Late VAP (after day 7) | 19 (23.2) | 161 (32) | 0.11 |
| Main outcome measures | |||
| Duration of invasive mechanical ventilation | 12 [6; 22] | 13 [7; 23] | 0.41 |
| Duration of RRT | 9 [4.5; 16.5] | 10 [3; 18] | 0.90 |
| Duration of ECMO | 3 [1; 4] | 12.5 [6; 19] | 0.05 |
| Ventilatory-free days at day 28 | 11 [0; 21] | 0 [0; 15] | < 0.01 |
| RRT-free days at day 28 | 28 [15; 28] | 25 [0; 28] | < 0.01 |
| ECMO-free days at day 28 | 28 [28; 28] | 28 [0; 28] | < 0.01 |
| ICU LOS | 14.5 [9; 28] | 16 [10; 28] | 0.37 |
| Hospital LOS | 30.5 [13; 48] | 22 [14; 40] | 0.11 |
| Mortality at day 60 | 19 (23.2) | 233 (46.3) | < 0.01 |
VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, ICU intensive care unit, RRT renal replacement therapy, ECMO extra corporeal membrane oxygenation, LOS length of stay
aWithout intravenous antimicrobial therapy