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. 2023 Oct 12;20(11):1379–1392. doi: 10.1038/s41423-023-01088-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — The effects of MPP2 mutation in ARPE19 cells with MPP2 deletion. A, B The KO efficiency of MPP2 and overexpression level of MPP2 wild-type or the MPP2 mutant (n = 3/group; mean ± SD; ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA). C The proliferation of ARPE19 cells with vehicle, MPP2 KO or overexpression of MPP2 mutant lentiviruses after MPP2 deletion (n = 5/group; mean ± SD; **p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA). D–F The secretion levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, VEGFA and IL-10 by ELISA kits (n = 6/group; mean ± SD; NS > 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA). G The electrical resistance of ARPE19 cells with vehicle, MPP2 KO or overexpression of MPP2 mutant lentiviruses after MPP2 deletion (n = 3/group; mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA). H The phenol red leakage of ARPE19 cells with vehicle, MPP2 KO or overexpression of MPP2 mutant lentiviruses after MPP2 KO (n = 5/group; mean ± SD; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA). I Images of transmission electron microscope (TEM) in the four groups mentioned above (scale bar, 1 μm). J The immunofluorescence results of ZO-1 (scale bar, 50 μm). K, L The protein expression and quantification of ZO-1 (n = 3/group; mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA)