Table 3.

Results of pain (VAS) and fatigue (FSS) in the studied patients (probiotic n = 20, placebo n = 20).

Variable	Probiotic group N = 20	Placebo group N = 20	p**	p***
VAS, (points)
Before intervention	3.75 ± 2.38	2.80 ± 2.37	0.211	0.004
After intervention	2.60 ± 2.16	2.45 ± 2.03	0.862
Mean changes*	− 1.15 ± 0.67	− 0.35 ± 0.81	0.005
FSS, (points)
Before intervention	28.50 ± 14.29	30.95 ± 13.20	0.577	0.010
After intervention	22.95 ± 10.86	28.60 ± 12.12	0.129
Mean changes*	− 5.55 ± 5.59	− 2.35 ± 4.92	0.020

All values are presented as mean ± SD.

*Paired-samples t-test (statistically significant values are shown in bold).

**One-way ANOVA.

***Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for baseline measures.