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. 2023 Oct 17;10:1282376. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1282376

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Copyright © 2023 Han, Derraik, Vickers, Devaraj, Huang, Pang, Godfrey, Chan, Thakkar, Cutfield and NiPPeR Study Group.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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CONSORT diagram for the number of human milk (HM) samples analysed for macronutrients in the NiPPeR study. Reasons for exclusion during the preconception phase have been published previously (53), while reasons for exclusion during pregnancy and birth in Singapore (SGP) and New Zealand (NZL) are provided in Supplementary Table 2. ^‡There were no HM samples collected in the United Kingdom (UK), so all participants from that site were excluded from this diagram. ^*Number of participants who provided at least one HM sample during the first 12 months of lactation. ^†Number of participants who provided at least one HM sample during the first 3 months of lactation. Diagram adapted from Han et al. (48).