. 2023 Sep 17;5(11):100724. doi: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100724

Table 2.

Features used to distinguish lupus nephritis from pre-eclampsia²³^,²⁴

Features	Lupus Nephritis	Pre-eclampsia
Onset	Anytime during pregnancy	After 20 wk of pregnancy
Hypertension	Maybe present or absent	Present
Extrarenal SLE signs and symptoms	Present	Absent
Serum uric acid levels	<4.9mg/dL (low or normal)	>4.9mg/dL (high)
Complement levels	Maybe decreased or normal	Normal
Anti ds-DNA levels	Increased	Normal
Active urinary sediments	Present	Absent
Urinary calcium excretion	>195 mg/day	<195 mg/day
sFlt-1/PlGF ratio²⁴	Normal	Increased

Abbreviations: SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; sFlt-1, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1; PlGF, placental growth factor.