Table 1:
Patient color coding | |||
Nutritional | |||
Instrument | |||
MIS | 0–5 | 6–8 | ≥9 |
SGA | A | B | C |
PEW | No | Yes/No | Yes |
Interventiona | Diet diaryb | Diet diaryb | Diet diaryb |
Enrichmentc | Enrichmentc | ||
Oral nutritional supplementsd | |||
IDPNe | |||
Evaluation | After 1 year | Every 6–9 months | Every 3–6 months |
Physical | |||
Instrument | |||
SPPB | >10 | 8–10 | <8 |
DFRI | Low risk of falls | Medium risk of falls | High risk of falls |
BADL | Autonomous | Moderate dependency | Strong dependency |
Intervention | General recommendations for activity | IPE | Intradialytic strength training |
HBE, IPE | Strength training (supervised or at home) | Interdialytic training in gym | |
Monitored for risk of falls and dependency | General recommendations for physical activity | Bed safety measures (position, rails) | |
Transferring to bed supervised | Close nurse supervision | ||
Advise adequate shoes | All transfers supervised | ||
Measures to avoid orthostatic hypotension | Home adaptation | ||
Evaluate orthopedic dynamic measures (also at home) | |||
Psychological | |||
Cognitive | |||
Instrument | |||
SPMSQ | 0–3 | 4–7 | 8–10 |
IADL | Autonomous | Moderate dependency | Strong dependency |
Intervention | Monitoring | Neuropsychology | Derivation to neurologist |
Evaluate neurocognitive stimulation | Information about Alzheimer Foundation | ||
Evaluation | Yearly | Every 3–6 months | At neurologist's criteria |
Emotional | |||
Instrument | |||
EED | 0–3 | 4–7 | 8–10 |
Intervention | Monitoring | In-depth psychopathological interview | In-depth psychopathological interview |
Group therapy | Evaluate HADS | ||
Evaluate derivation to psychiatrist | |||
Evaluation | Yearly | Every 3 months | Monthly |
Patients with correct nutritional test results underwent no intervention, but nurses and nutritionists monitored any developing changes periodically.
Diet diary: registry of all foods for a 3-day period (no dialysis day, dialysis day, holiday) in a prespecified form.
Recommendations to enrich the diet (personalized by nutritionist).
Nutritionally complete preparations of one or more nutrients specifically adapted to the needs of ESKD patients.
IDPN was administered during regularly scheduled dialysis sessions as a supplement (commonly three times per week), and requires patients to obtain some of their nutrients orally outside of dialysis time.
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PEW, protein-energy wasting; SGA, Subjective Global Assessment.