Figure 13.

A–D: Rhodopsin (Rho)⁺ immune staining in rod outer segments. Retinal sections from midperipheral regions of nonhuman primates (NHPs): control (A and C) and type 2 diabetes (T2D; B and D). A and B: Double stained with Rho (green) and DAPI (blue). C and D: Enlarged images of the boxed areas in A and B. Comparison of panels (C and D) shows a reduction in Rho⁺ immune intensity as well as a loss of the vertical orientation of the rod outer segments in T2D NHPs compared with control. E: The quantitative plot demonstrating that Rho⁺ immune-staining intensity was reduced by about 31% in T2D NHPs comparing with control and is statistically significant. ∗P < 0.05. Scale bars: 50 μm (B, for A and B); 10 μm (D, for C and D). INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer.