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. 2023 Nov;193(11):1789–1808. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.019

Figure 15.

Figure 15

Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ astrocyte and vimentin (Vim)+ Müller cells is increased in the type 2 diabetes (T2D) retina. A and B: Retinal cross-sections from the central-mid region of control (A) and T2D (B) nonhuman primate retinas triple stained with vimentin (red), AQP4 (green), and DAPI (blue). C–F: Retinal flat mounts of control (C and E) and T2D (D and F) retinas from the central-mid region. C and D: Double stained with GFAP (red) and AQP4 (green). E and F: Double stained with Vim (red) and AQP4 (green). G: The relative intensity of AQP4 expression in the different retinal regions. H: The relative intensity of AQP4 expression along blood vessel (BV). Images support that AQP4 expression is mainly in the inner portion of the retina and around BV and that AQP4 expression is on both GFAP+ astrocytes and vimentin+ Müller cells. In T2D retina, the AQP4 expression increased. G and H: Increased intensity of AQP4 expression in the central and peripheral regions of the retina and along the BV in T2D compared with controls. ∗P < 0.05. Scale bars: 40 μm (A and B); 50 μm (C–F). GCL, ganglion cell layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer.