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. 2023 Oct 31;21:398. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-02177-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — PLGA-Exos inhibited Osteoclast Formation in vitro. (A) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the internalization of DII-labeled Exos (red) by RAW264.7 cells and the cell nuclei of RAW264.7 cells were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar: 10 μm. (B) The production of ROS (green) was assayed using a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar: 200 μm. (C-E) The number of TRAP⁺ multinucleated (> 3 nuclei) osteoclasts and the TRAP⁺ cell areas were determined. (F, G) The IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the medium (RAW264.7 cells) were determined with ELISA. (n = 3 samples per group, ANOVA, *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001)