. 2023 Oct 30;9(4):20552173231209147. doi: 10.1177/20552173231209147

Table 2.

Optimal model multiple sclerosis functional composite scores among participants with RRMS assigned to the Swank low-saturated fat and Wahls modified Paleolithic elimination dietary interventions^a,b.

		Study visit
Outcome	Unit	Run-in	Baseline	12 weeks	24 weeks
Swank
MSFC	score	NA^c	−0.13 ± 0.14	0.10 ± 0.11*	0.14 ± 0.11*
-NHPT	z-score	NA^c	−0.19 ± 0.16	−0.06 ± 0.17	0.07 ± 0.17***
-SDMT-O	z-score	NA^c	−0.08 ± 0.16	0.26 ± 0.16***	0.22 ± 0.17**
-T25FW^d	z-score	NA^c	−0.14 ± 0.23	0.06 ± 0.06	0.09 ± 0.06
MSFC-2	score	NA^c	-0.15 ± 0.17	0.02 ± 0.11	0.10 ± 0.11
NHPT^e	seconds	20.9 ± 0.14	20.6 ± 0.15	20.3 ± 0.14	20.0 ± 0.14
SDMT-O	number correct	57.8 ± 1.61*	60.4 ± 1.51	63.3 ± 1.52***	62.9 ± 1.60**
T25FW^f	seconds	3.95 ± 0.30	4.48 ± 0.40	3.68 ± 0.25	3.64 ± 0.25
6MWT	meters	460 ± 19.1	481 ± 16.3	485 ± 15.7	491 ± 16.6
Wahls
MSFC	score	NA^c	0.10 ± 0.11	0.16 ± 0.10	0.28 ± 0.13**
-NHPT	z-score	NA^c	0.20 ± 0.15	0.26 ± 0.14	0.47 ± 0.18**
-SDMT-O	z-score	NA^c	0.04 ± 0.16	0.13 ± 0.16	0.28 ± 0.19*
-T25FW^d	z-score	NA^c	0.04 ± 0.09	0.09 ± 0.08	0.06 ± 0.11
MSFC-2	score	NA^c	0.13 ± 0.10	0.19 ± 0.09*	0.28 ± 0.12*
NHPT^e	seconds	18.9 ± 0.17	18.3 ± 0.17	18.1 ± 0.16	17.5 ± 0.16*
SDMT-O	number correct	60.2 ± 1.43	61.2 ± 1.53	62.0 ± 1.55	63.5 ± 1.83*
T25FW^f	seconds	3.84 ± 0.27	3.90 ± 0.27	3.71 ± 0.26	3.80 ± 0.26
6MWT	meters	468 ± 19.3	459 ± 10.3	468 ± 20.3	495 ± 18.7**

^{^a}

All values mean ± SEM with z-scores referenced to the full sample at baseline. * indicates statistical significance compared to baseline values (p≤ 0.05), ** indicates statistical significance compared to baseline values (p≤ 0.01), *** indicates statistical significance compared to baseline values (p≤ 0.001) as determined by optimal general linear mixed models according to AIC. Optimal models for outcomes without superscript letters did not include covariate adjustment based on AIC values.

^{^b}

Abbreviations: MSFC = multiple sclerosis functional composite; MSFC-2 = 2-item MSFC; NA = not applicable; NHPT = nine-hole peg test; SDMT-O = symbol digit modalities test – oral; T25FW = timed 25-foot walk; 6MWT = 6-min walk test.

^{^c}

Run-in values omitted as MSFC scores and component z-scores were calculated using baseline values.

^{^d}

Model adjusted for alcohol consumption.

^{^e}

Model adjusted for age and BMI.

^{^f}

Model adjusted for age, years with MS, and alcohol consumption.