Fig 1.

Tunicamycin inhibited SADS-CoV infection. Vero cells were pretreated with tunicamycin for 24 h, washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) three times, and then infected with SADS-CoV (MOI = 0.1). Cells were fixed at 24 hpi and stained with anti-SADS-CoV NP antibodies by IFA (A), and the supernatants were harvested at 0, 12, 24, or 48 hpi for assessment of viral replication dynamics by RT-qPCR (B). (C) Dose-response curves of tunicamycin for SADS-CoV infection, as determined by RT-qPCR. (D) Vero cells were pretreated with tunicamycin for 24 h, washed with PBS three times, and then infected with PEDV or SARS-CoV-2 (MOI = 0.1). Cells were fixed at 24 hpi and stained with anti-PEDV (1:200) or SARS-CoV-2 NP (1:1,000) antibodies by IFA. (E) The supernatants were harvested at 0, 24, or 48 hpi for assessment of viral replication dynamics by qRT-PCR. All data are shown as means ± standard errors of the means (n = 3 biological replicates). Scale bars: 300 µm (A) and 125 µm (D).